Hydrocarbons compds

Remol . [Hoechst Celanese/Colorants Surf. Hoechst AG] Aromatic hydrocarbon compds. carriers fw dyeing of polyester fibers. 

Solubility. No quant data is in the literature. In Ref 11, p 19 die order of decreasing soly is given as w, ketones, ales)) esters) organic acids, aliphatic nitro compds) ethers, chlorinated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons. Within each class the solubility decreases with increasing chain length... 

Hydrocarbons. Addn of metallo-org compds lowers the burning rate of TeNMe/hydrocarbon mixts to the point where they are useful mono-propints (Ref 27)... 

Toxicity, Similar to NG Uses. This substance, as well as other aliphatic compds such as nitroisobutylglycol dinitrate, comprising a branched chain hydrocarbon to which one nitro and two nitrate groups are attached, has been proposed by Bergeim (Ref... 

K chlorate and aromatic hydrocarbons (such as naphthalene), and not more than 12% nitro-hydrocarbons (but no trinitro compds), the remainder consisting of paraffins, fatty oils, flour or other combustibles. It might also contain not more than 4% blasting gelatin. The prefixes Gesteins- and Wetter- were applied if the expls were intended for rock or coal mine use Ref Marshall, Diet (1920), 65... 

Titov and co-workers, although conceding the validity of the ionic nitration mechanism for liq phase nitrations with coned acids, believe that many nitrations occur via a free-radical mechanism involving the free radicals (at any rate molecules having an unpaired electron) N02, N03, and NO. For vapor phase nitration of hydrocarbons, nitration of side chains of aromatic compds in... 

A series of nitrated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The base molecule for nomenclature purposes is usually called the "ethylene series1 because the first member is ethylene, C2H4 hence a molecular type CnH(2n-x)Nx02x s derived. Other compds in the series are named after corresponding paraffins by adding to the stem ene or ylene such as 1-nitro propylene, C3H5NO2. Olefms with two conjugeted double bonds are called dienes , such as butadiene. 

Schaarschmidt and Hoffrneier (Ref 2) found that on treating an unsaturated hydrocarbon with NLQ4 a mixt of products of the I, II III and IV types was obtained. Only the dinitro compds of type III were stable. Others underwent decomposition in the following way ... 

Uses. n-Pentane has found use as an anesthetic an expl suppressant when mixed with a halogen-ated hydrocarbon and included in aircraft fuel (Ref 13) a jet engine fuel (Ref 16a) as a base for synthetic rubbers and plastics a parent compd for the formation of nitropentanes and azido nitro pentanes used as expls and propints (Refs 15a, 15b 21a) also, as a parent compd for fluorine-contg resin binders which impart both thermal stability and, in conjunction with metal hydrides, high impulse to solid propints (Ref 15b)... 

These compds can be prepd, in general, by dissolving the respective organic compds (hydrocarbons, nitrohydrocarbons, amines, phenols, etc) in warm ale solns of PA, boiling the mixt, and then cooling it to cryst out the resulting picrate... 

Picric Acid readily forms addition products with aromatic hydrocarbons. This behavior is ex-pecially pronounced in PA. Addition compds with phenols, aromatic ketones, acids and even... 

The biradical catalysts described previously for double-base propints (Ref 80) are also effective for hydrocarbon propints. Table 34 shows how p,p,-biphenylene-bis(diphenylmethyl) compares to n butyl ferrocene as a catalyst in a carboxy-terminated polybutadiene. These catalysts are claimed to overcome all of the processing difficulties, chemical stability and volatility disadvantages attributed to catalysts based on ferrocene and carborane derivatives. Another somewhat similar functioning catalyst, the free radical compd, 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl,... 

ScHANTZ MM, Porter BJ, and Wise SA (2000) The stability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in frozen mussel tissue. Polycyclic Aromat Compd (in press). 

Wise SA, Deissler A, and Sander LC (1993b) Liquid chromatographic determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomers of molecular weight 278 and 302 in environmental reference materials. Polycyclic Aromat Compd 3 169-184. 

Wise SA, Sander LC, Schantz MM, Hays MJ, and Benner BA Jr. 2000) Recertification of standard reference material (SRM) 1649, urban dust, for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Polycyclic Aromat Compd, 13 419-456. 

Caslavsk, J. and Kotlafikova, P. 2003, High-molecular-weight polycychc aromatic hydrocarbons in the area and vicinity of the DEZA chemical plant, Czech Republic. Polycyclic Aromat. Compd. 23 327-352. 

Lebo, J.A. Zajicek, J.L. Orazio, C.E. Petty, J.D. Huckins, J.N. Douglas, E.H. 1996, Use of the semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) to sample polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution in a lotic system. Polycyclic Aromat. Compd.S 53-65. 

Miege, C. Durand, S. Garric, J. Gourlay, C. Wang, D. Mouchel, J.M. Tusseau-Vuillemin, M.H. 2004, Semipermeable membrane device-availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in river waters and wastewater treatment plant effluents. Polycyclic Aromat. Compd.24 805-825. 

Whyte, J.J. Karrow, N.A. Boermans, H.J. Dixon, D.G. Bols, N.C. 2000, Combined methodologies for measuring exposure of rainbow trout (Oncorhvnchus mykiss) to polycycUc aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in creosote contaminated microcosms. Polycyclic Aromat. Compd. 18 ... 

Cavalieri, E. L., S. Higginbotham, and E. G. Rogan, Dibenzo[a,/]pyrene The Most Potent Carcinogenic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Polycyclic Aromat. Compd., 6, 177-183 (1994). 

Wise, S. A., A. Deissler, and L. C. Sander, Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Isomers of Molecular Weight 278 and 302 in Environmental Standard Reference Materials, Polycyclic Aromat. Compd., 3, 169-184(1993). 

Herz (Ref 2) claimed that perchlorates of many negatively substituted diazonium compds are powerful brisant expls suitable as primer compds In detonators. He suggested also that the perchloric acid diazo compds of mono- 8e polynitrated aromatic hydrocarbons can be used in primers detonators... 

Dinitriire. Accdg to Sidgwick (Ref), the name "dinitrure applies ro compds contg the group >C(N02).C(N02)<, which can be isolated among the products of reactions of nitrogen oxides with unsaturated hydrocarbons... 

Electrochemical Nitrations. A method developed in 1956 in Sweden by Ohman for prepn of nitric acid esters has been described in several patents. The method consists in anodic oxidation (using a bright platinum anode) in presence of nitric acid, or its salts (such.as Ca nitrate). The compds to be nitrated areunsaturated hydrocarbons (such as ethylene, propylene, butylene, etc), which can be dissolved in nonaqueous solvents (such as acetone). The OH concn is maintained low during the reaction by adding either coned nitric acid or glacial acetic acid. Water should be absent to prevent the formation of various by-products... 

Total or partial insolubility is observed with hydrocarbons and with the compds contg NOa or halogen groups. For instance, AN is miscible in all proportions with mannitol, resorcinol, urea and acetamide, while with p-pheny-lenediamine it forms a mol compd in the ratio of 3 parts AN to 1 p of the diamine. In the liquid state AN is partially miscible with m-phenylenediamine, PA, TNT and cholesterol. Eutectic mixts are formed with many of the organic compds investigated by K... 

The solution of the problem was more closely approached by the use of highly nitrated aromatic hydrocarbons, especially the low-melting eutectic mixts of the isomers of di- and tri-nitrotoluenes (such as l,TNT oil" or "drip oil which dissolve readily in NG even at low temps and desensitize it much less than the mono-nitro compds. However, these compds did not produce dynamites which were absolutely non-freezing at the lowest winter temps reached in some countries such as in Canada or Siberia... 

In the course of this work the term plosopbore was coined (Ref 2 Ref 3, pp 423-4) for a group of atoms which on substitution into a hydrocarbon is capable of forming an expl compd. Inspection of the groups which can function in this way indicated that there are two classes of ploso-phores, differing sharply in effectiveness and consistency in producing power and hence they were called primary and secondary plosophores... 

Divanadium Dedecarbonyl. V2(CO)12, Ci2012V2 mw 438.06 dk blue volatile liq which readily sublimes at RT and atm pressure. Sol in eth and hydrocarbons. Prepn is by reaction of V ditoluene with C monoxide. The compd is pyrophoric (Ref 8, p 47)... 

Chlorinated hydrocarbons and other chlorinated compds 3 C241-C242... 

Sealants - [ELASTOMERSSYNTHETIC - POLYISOPRENE] (Vol 9) - [SEALANTS] (Vol 21) -acrylics [ACRYLICESTERPOLYMERS - SURVEY] (Voll) -barium compds in [BARIUM COMPOUNDS] (Vol 3) -based on liquid polysulfides [POLYMERS CONTAINING SULFUR - POLYSULFIDES] (Vol 19) -defoamersin [DEFOAMERS] (Vol 7) -fiom fluorosilicones [FLUORINE COMPOUNDS,ORGANIC - POLY(FLUOROSILICONES)] (Volll) -hydrocarbon resins in [HYDROCARBON RESINS] (Vol 13) -lecithin in (LECITHIN] (Vol 15) -organolithiumcmpdsinprdnof [LITHIUM AND LITHIUM COMPOUNDS] (Vol 15) -polysulfide curing [PEROXIDES AND PEROXIDE COMPOUNDS - INORGANIC PEROXIDES] (Vol 18) -propylene oxide in mfg of [PROPYLENE OXIDE] (Vol 20) -PVB m [VINYL POLYMERS - VINYL ACETAL POLYMERS] (Vol 24) -rheological measurements [RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS] (Vol 21) -from styrenic block copolymers [ELASTOMERS SYNTHETIC - THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS] (Vol 9) -use of dispersants [DISPERSANTS] (Vol 8)... 

Benz is the parent compd of a series of aromatic hydrocarbons from which many of the most import expls are derived. Benz is an excellent solv from which many expl intermediates can be prepd. Its di-, tri-, and tetra- nitrocompds are expls Refs l)Beil 5,179,(95) [119] 2)Thorpe I (1937),667-75 3)USBurMinesBull 279,78(1939)... 

Trinitrobenzoyl Azide, (02N)3CeHa.C0iN3 mw 282.13, N 29.79% col cryst(from methyl acet), mp 92-6°(dec)(Ref 2) to 98°(dec)(Ref 3), expl at higher temps d 1.673 at 20°(Ref 2) sol in acet or aromatic hydrocarbons insol in aliphatic hydro-carbons(Ref 3) can be prepd by adding aq Na azide soln in methyl acet to a stirred soln of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoyl chloride in methyl acet at -5 to 0° (higher temps must be avoided)(Ref 2). This compd decomposes at RT and especially rapidly in soln... 

---