Addition compds

Up 1.4575. Purified by dilution with an equal volume of pet ether, then saturated with dry HBr. The ppte was filtered off, washed with small vols of pet ether, then cineole was regenerated by stirring the crystals with H2O. It can also be purified via its o-cresol or resorcinol addition compds. Stored over Na until required. Purified by fractional distn. Insoluble in H2O but soluble in organic solvents. [IR Kome et al. Nippon Kagaku Zasshi [J Chem Soc Japan (Pure Chem Sect)] 80 66 1959 Chem Abstr 603 1961.]... 

The principal organic reaction of ozone is its addition to the carbon-carbon double bond of an ethylenic compd. The resulting ozone-olefin addition compd is known as an ozonide. Decompn of the ozonide gives a mixt of oxygenated products containing carbonyl compds and acids. 

Note According to Brady and Horton (Ref 6), TNPht forms an unstable addition compd with 2,4,6-Trinitroanisole (TNAns) consisting of 2 moles of TNPht and 3 moles of TNAns. The mp of this compd is about 40°... 

DNPh forms low mp additive compds with ammonia or amines (aniline, toluidine, naphthyl-amine, etc), which on intimate mixing with oxidants (AN, K nitrate, Na nitrate, K chlorate,... 

K perchlorate, etc) form easily detonatable expls. Colver (Ref 5, 291) describes preparative methods and gives mp s of some of the additive compds. For example, 2,4-DNPh (mp 112-14°) combines with aniline to form an additive compd of mp 82° [See also GerP 72945 (1893) 73205... 

Forms numerous salts as well as additive compds, some of which are exp]... 

The salts and additive compds of Picric Acid (PA) are usually included under picrates. For convenience, inorganic and organic picrates will be described separately... 

Picric Acid readily forms addition products with aromatic hydrocarbons. This behavior is ex-pecially pronounced in PA. Addition compds with phenols, aromatic ketones, acids and even... 

Urbanski (Ref 35) lists the following addition compds formed by Picric Acid with other substances in a 1 1 mole ratio ... 

One of the most common addition compds to PA to lower its mp was trinitro-m-cresol, eg, in the Fr expl Cresylite. Other compds used were DNPh, DNT, DNM, MNM, MNPh, TNT, TN-m-X, DNB, TNB, etc... 

Pyridine combines with many inorganic salts to form additive compds. Some of these are expl, eg ... 

Knecht Compound. Knecht (Refs 1 2) treated cellulose with 65% nitric acid (d 1.14 g/cc) and obtained an addition product. After removing the acid retained mechanically he established that the addition compd contained-nitric acid corresponding to 7.7% N. This is approximately equivalent to one N02 group for... 

According to Saito(Ref 7), the acetylene trimers obtained as byproducts in the prepn of CHa CH. C CH by condensation of acetylene are expl. They can be stabilized by hydrochlorination in the presence of a complex salt of CuCl and NH,C1 to yield additive compds contg 1 or 2 mols of HC1, from which they are separated by distn. Nakagawa(Ref 8) reviews the chemistry of poly acetylenes and gives 25 references. Polymerization of acetyl-... 

It forms numerous salts and additive compds, some of them expl, eg a)C2H4N4 + AuCl, yel amor pdr, mp 120°, expl at... 

The presence of ammonia is very undesirable because it reacts with TNT to form a complex addition compd which ignites at 67°. In addition, the reaction between A1 and moisture produces hydrogen, which is highly inflammable in oxygen or oxygen-containing compds. If ammonia is detected in ammonals (identified by odor or hrown coloration), the shells should not be washed out be steam but by means of a stream of cold water... 

Betaine additive compds with acids forming expls 2B107-B108... 

Betaine(Trimethyl Glycine Trimethyl Glycocoll or Trimethyl Amino-Acetic Acid), (CH3)aIsI.CHg.CO.O or (CH3)3fo.CH2.CO.O mw 117.15, N 11.96%, OB to COz-184.4%. Prisms(from ale), mp 293°(decomp) sol in w in ale insol in ether occurs in plants (usually together with choline) and in some sea animals. Can be prepd by methylation of amino-acetic acid or by other methods. Betaine has been used in org synthesis to render various compds water-soluble. For instance, Girard s reagent(which is a deriv of betaine) is used to prepare water-sol derivs of insol ketones and aIdehydes(Ref 2,p 510) Betaine forms additive compds with acids and salts, some of them explosive (See below)... 

The solubility of NC in org solvents and formation of "gels is attributed to formation of molecular addition compds betw NC and the solvent. Numerous papers were published on this subject and the most important of them are listed below, including their titles or short abstracts... 

It is an acid, which can be prepd by nitration with mixed acid of DNCB or of chlorobenzene its lab prepn includes heating of PA with phosphorus pentachloride or other methods(Refs 1, 4, 5, 8, 10 13). TNCB is readily hydrolyzed to form PA and, similarly to PA, it attacks metals to form expl salts, some of which are very sensitive(Ref 8). Its chloride salt, called Chloropicryl Chloride, was prepd without danger of expln(Ref 10). Some of its additive compds are also expl. It is very toxic causing dermatitis(Ref 5 11)... 

Coordination Number. The valence number of the central atom of addition compds. It indicates the number of molecules or atoms held by that atom. Carbon related elements have a max of 4, all other elements have generally a coordination number of 6. Thus [PtXg] R2 or [CrXg] R2, where R is usually a monovalent radical, while X is Br, Cl, CN, SCN, NO, N02 NH3 or H20... 

Dr Otto Borgmann obtd patents in 1893 for the manuf of expls contg salts or additive compds similar to those produced from Dinitrophenols (cited in Ref 4). The shock sensitiveness of Dinitrocresols, and a number of other expls, was detd by Wohler Wenzelberg (Ref 6a). In addn to their use as expls, Dinitrocresols have been used in selective herbicides insecticides (Ref 11). See also Cresylates Refs l) Beil 6, 368, (180) [34ll 2) Beil 6,... 

With aldehydes Addition compd. Oximes Oximes Nitrous acid nil... 

Benzenyldioxytetrazotic acid forms expl salts and addition compds, such as ... 

Tetryl and TNT form an addition compd with a mole ratio of 1 2 (Ref 13). Another addition compd is a 1 1 mole ratio formed with naphthalene (Ref 7)... 

Thermochemical data are available (Ref 2) on the heats of combustion and formation for all five isomers, on the heats of nitration from various Dinitrotoluenes for the 23,4-, 2,4,5-, and 2,3,6-isomers, and on the heats of crystn for the 2,3,4- and 2,4,5-isomers. Data are also available (Ref 1) on the shock sensitivities of all of the isomers except 2,3,6-, and on the rates of decompn at 140° of the 23,4-, 2,4,5-, and 23,5-isomers. The detonation pressure and the temp coefficient of decompn between 140 and 180° have been measured for the 2,4,5-isomer 2,3,4- and 2,4,5-TNT form addition compds ( 7r-complexes ) at 1 1 molar ratio with several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene and anthracene) (Ref 2). 2,4,5-TNT forms complexes with 4-aminozaobenzene, 4-aminoacetophenone, bis (2 hydroxy ethyl) amine, and tris (2-hydroxy-ethyl) amine (Ref 1). The first two have a 1 1 molar ratio, the third 1 2, and the fourth 2 1. Upon heating, the two 4-amino compds react with replacement of the 5-nitro group, as discussed below... 

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