Hyaluronic Acid Composites

Polymer(s)/carrier/ scaffold structure TE application Active biotnolecule Encapsulated/seeded cell type (source) Animal model 

Collagen sponge Cartilage bFGF Chondrocytes Nude mice subcutaneous implantation 

Collagen gel Bone/cartilage BMP-2 gene Bone marrow stromal cells Mouse femoral muscle 

Collagen gel Skin PDGF-A gene — Rabbit dermal ulcer 

Collagen/heparan sulfate matrix Vascularization bFGF — Rat 

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Another approach to improve the properties of chitosan hydrogels is via the preparation of polymer composites. Porous hydrogels of N-carboxymethyl chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol were prepared by Lee et al. [99]. Hydroxypropyl chitosan was combined with sodium alginate for the formation of biodegradable hydrogels [100]. Chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite was prepared by Tan et al. [101]. 

Collier, J. H., Camp, J. R, Hudson, T. W. and Schmidt, C. E., Synthesis and characterization of polyp5n role hyaluronic acid composite biomaterials for tissue engineering applications,. Biomed. Mater. Res., 50, 574, 2000. 

SeidUts, S.K., Drinnan, C.T., Petersen, R.R., Shear, J.B., Suggs, L.J., Schmidt, C.E., 2011. Fibronectin—hyaluronic acid composite hydrogels for three-dimensional endothelial cell culture. Acta Biomateriaha 7, 2401—2409. 

Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole- [155] hyaluronic acid composite biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res 2000 50 574-84. 

Solchaga LA, Dennis JE, Goldberg VM et al (1999) Hyaluronic acid-based polymers as cell carriers for tissue-engineered repair of bone and cartilage. J Orthop Res 17 205-213 Bakos D, Soldan M, Hernandez-Fuentes I (1999) Hydroxyapatite/collagen/hyaluronic acid composite. Biomaterials 20 191-195... 

The temperature of the solution has both the effect of increasing its evaporation rate and reducing the viscosity of the polymer solution, thus enabling the polymer solution which was spinnable under room temperature to be electrospun easily. For example, the hyaluronic acid is a natural polyelectrolyte that is hard to be electrospun under room temperature [27]. Li et al. [83] used the high electrospinning temperature that was higher than the gel temperature of hyaluronic acid (40 °C) and thus successfully fabricated hyaluronic acid composite nanofibers with uniform morphology. Similar method was also suitable for the fabrication of other natural... 

We were successful earlier in achieving anioiuc/cationic complexes with glycosaminoglycans, e.g., hyaluronic acid/cationic polysaccharide compositions [44], now used in personal care applications. Those compositions are substantive, stable and user-friendly. Unfortunately, despite the highly anionic nature of hyaluronic acid (and other glycosaminoglycans), these materials do not block viral infections [39]. Furthermore, as shown by the in vivo rabbit irritation studies, such compositions displayed minimal irritation [13]. 

Preston, B.N., Davies, M., Ogston, A.G. (1965). The composition and physicochemical properties of hyaluronic acids prepared from ox synovial fluid and from a case of mesothelioma. Biochemical Journal, 96, 449 171. 

Chemical composition and sedimentation coefficients (s 0) of proteoglycan monomer fractions from bovine articular cartilage (36). Column 1 shows the amino acid composition of the hyaluronic acid-binding region of proteoglycan monomer core protein, isolated... 

Polypyrrole composite biomaterials having electrically conductive properties have been prepared using hyaluronic acid or its sodium salt by galvanostatic and potentio-static methods. These agents are useful for preparing medical devices such as nerve and bone regeneration materials. 

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