Human embryonic stem cells, culture

Human embryonic stem cells / Culture as floating aggregratesN. (embryoid bodies), forming / neuroepithelial cells s Culture to form midbrain dopamine neurons ... 

KoUiar P, Kotamraju VR, Hdata ST, Clegg DO, Ruoslahti E. Synthetic surfaces for human embryonic stem cell culture. J Biotechnol 2010 146 143-6. 

In the United States, the National Institutes of Health supports short-term training courses in human embryonic stem cell culture techniques. These training courses include hands-on experience to improve the knowledge and skills of biomedical researchers to maintain, characterize, and use human embryonic stem cells in basic research studies. The courses are given at various locations throughout the United States. 

G. Meng, S. Liu, X. Li, R. Krawetz, and D.E. Rancourt, Extracellular matrix isolated from foreskin fibroblasts supports long-term xeno-free human embryonic stem cell culture. Stem Cells Develop., 19 (4) 547-556, Apr. 2010. 

K. Rajala, H. Hakala, S. Panula, S. Aivio, H. Pihlajamaki, R. Suuronen, O. Hovatta, and H. Skottman, Testing of nine different xeno-free culture media for human embryonic stem cell cultures. Hum. Reprod., 22 (5) 1231-1238, May. 2007. 

H. Hongisto, S. Vuoristo, A. Mikhailova, R. Suuronen, I. Virtanen, T. Otonkoski, and H. Skottman, Laminin-511 expression is associated with the functionality of feeder cells in human embryonic stem cell culture. Stem Cell Res., 8 (1) 97-108, Jan. 2012. 

M.M. Mahlstedt, D. Anderson, J.S. Sharp, R. McGilvray, M.D. Munoz, E.D. Buttery, M.R. Alexander, ER. Rose, and C. Denning, Maintenance of pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells cultured on a synthetic substrate in conditioned medium, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 105 (1) 130-140, Jan. 2010. 

Biomaterial Scaffolds for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Culture and... 

Biomaterial Scaffolds for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Culture and Differentiation 32-13 32.3.3.1 Neural Tissue... 

Kohen, N. T., Little, L. E., and Healy, K. E. 2009. Characterization of Matrigel interfaces during defined human embryonic stem cell culture. Biointerphases, 4,69-79. 

Schwartz PH, Brick DJ, Nethercott HE et al (2011) Traditional human embryonic stem cell culture. Methods Mol Biol 767 107-123... 

Such cells are often classified on the basis of their original source as either embryonic or adult stem cells. As the name suggests, embryonic stem cells are derived from the early embryo, whereas adult stem cells are present in various tissues of the adult species. Much of the earlier work on embryonic stem cells was conducted using mouse embryos. Human embryonic stem cells were first isolated and cultured in the laboratory in 1998. Research on adult stem cells spans some four decades, with the discovery during the 1960s of haematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow (Chapter 10). However, the exact distribution profile, role and ability to manipulate adult stem cells (particularly those outside of the bone marrow) are subjects of intense current research, and for which more questions remain than are answered. 

Culture of human embryonic stem cells starts with the recovery of the blastocyst s inner cell mass (Figure 14.17). One common recovery procedure is termed immunosurgery . The process... 

Figure 14.17 Overview of the generation and culture of human embryonic stem cells. IVF in vitro fertilization. Refer to text for further details...

Hoffman, L. and Carpenter, M. 2005. Characterization and culture of human embryonic stem cells. Nature Biotechnology 23(6), 699-708. 

Xu et al. [76] have showed that human embryonic stem cells by treatment with bone morphogenetic protein-4 can be driven to differentiate into tro-phoblasts which have the ability to syncytialize and form confluent mono-layers. The differentiated cells express a number of trophoblast markers and secrete placental hormones and thus may provide an alternative placental model. Under the culture conditions used, however, the cells propagated poorly. 

Zambidis E, Oberlin E, Tavian M and Peault B (2006). Blood forming endothelium in human ontogeny lessons from in utero development and embryonic stem cell culture. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine 16(3) 95 101. 

Human embryonic stem cells were first collected in 1998 by two different research teams. The cells obtained from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst (4- to 5-day embryo) are embryonic stem cells (ESC) in contrast, cells cultured from the primordial germ cells of 5- to 9-week fetuses are embryonic germ cells (EGC). In the laboratory, ES or EG cells can proliferate indefinitely in an undifferentiated state but can also be manipulated to become specialized or partially specialized cell types, a process known as directed differentiation. Both ES and EG cells are pluripotent, meaning they have the potential to develop into more than 200 different known cell types. This class of human stem cells holds the promise of being able to repair or replace cells or tissues that are damaged or destroyed by many of our most devastating diseases and disabilities. 

Amit M, Carpenter MK, Inokuma MS et al (2000) Clonally derived human embryonic stem cell lines maintain pluripotency and proliferative potential for prolonged periods of culture. Dev Biol 227(2) 271-278... 

Passier R, Oostwaard DWV, Snapper J et al (2005) Increased cardiomyocyte differentiation from human embryonic stem cells in serum-free cultures. Stem Cells 23(6) 772-780... 

Fig. 9 Reconstruction of a pluristratified epidermis with keratinocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells (K-hESCs SAOl cell line) (a) Haematoxylin-eosin staining of organotypic cultures of human primary keratinocytes (left and K-hESCs (right), (b) Immunofluorescence analysis of the expression and localization of keratin 14, keratin 10, involucrin, lilaggrin, integrin 7.6, integrin P4, laminin 5, and collagen type VII in the K-hESC organotypic epidermis. Scale bars 50 pm. Reproduced with permission from Hind et al. [218]...

Green, H., Easley, K. luchi, S. Marker succession during the development of keratino-cytes from cultured human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100, 15625-15630 (2003). 

Carpenter M K, Rosier E S, Fisk G J, et al. (2004). Properties of four human embryonic stem cell lines maintained in a feeder-free culture system. Dev. Dyn. 229 243-258. 

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