Embryonic stem cells culture

Human embryonic stem cells / Culture as floating aggregratesN. (embryoid bodies), forming / neuroepithelial cells s Culture to form midbrain dopamine neurons ... 

Zambidis E, Oberlin E, Tavian M and Peault B (2006). Blood forming endothelium in human ontogeny lessons from in utero development and embryonic stem cell culture. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine 16(3) 95 101. 

For continuing undifferentiated embryonic stem cell cultures, usually different cell densities are plated, and 2 days later select those cultures with optimal morphology and density for subculture. Cultures should not contain cells with differentiated morphology density should be around 70-80% with ample evidence of exponential growth as observed by cell division in culture. This procedure allows that some variation in culture... 

Heuer J (1993) Development of an in vitro embryotoxicity test using murine embryonic stem cell cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 7 551-556... 

A number of development candidates of general formula 170 have been patented as potential antineoplastic agents <2006USP7094270, 2006USP7115740> and as agents for maintaining self-renewal in embryonic stem cell cultures <2006WO135824>. 

A 50 50 mixture of fresh growth medium with one of the above conditioned media is often recommended for growth of embryonic stem cell cultures. Otherwise the protein fraction can be concentrated for addition to serum-free medium. 

Kim L, Vahey MD, Lee HY, Voldman J. Microfluidic arrays for logarithmically perfused embryonic stem cell culture. Lab Chip 2006 6 394-406. 

KoUiar P, Kotamraju VR, Hdata ST, Clegg DO, Ruoslahti E. Synthetic surfaces for human embryonic stem cell culture. J Biotechnol 2010 146 143-6. 

By culturing specific cells from cloned embryos, scientists can make embryonic stem cell (ESC) cultures. During mammalian development, two distinct cell populations form after the first few days of embryonic development. The trophoblast, or the flattened, outer layer of cells, will eventually form the placenta and its associated structures. The inner cell mass (IGM) is the round, inner clump of cells that develop to form the embryo proper and a few structures associated with the placenta. If IGM cells are isolated and cultured on feeder cells, a layer of nondividing skin cells that secrete a cocktail of growth-promoting chemicals, the IGM cells will grow and spread over the surface of the culture dish. Such a culture is an embryonic stem cell culture, and these cells are pluripotent, which means that they can differentiate into any cell type in the adult body. 

In the United States, the National Institutes of Health supports short-term training courses in human embryonic stem cell culture techniques. These training courses include hands-on experience to improve the knowledge and skills of biomedical researchers to maintain, characterize, and use human embryonic stem cells in basic research studies. The courses are given at various locations throughout the United States. 

Embryonic stem cells cultured on these E-cadherin-mimetic surfaces did not form colonies, retained their pluripotency, displayed increased proliferation, and had higher transfection efficiency than cells in colony-forming cultures (Nagaoka et al. 2006). 

G. Meng, S. Liu, X. Li, R. Krawetz, and D.E. Rancourt, Extracellular matrix isolated from foreskin fibroblasts supports long-term xeno-free human embryonic stem cell culture. Stem Cells Develop., 19 (4) 547-556, Apr. 2010. 

K. Rajala, H. Hakala, S. Panula, S. Aivio, H. Pihlajamaki, R. Suuronen, O. Hovatta, and H. Skottman, Testing of nine different xeno-free culture media for human embryonic stem cell cultures. Hum. Reprod., 22 (5) 1231-1238, May. 2007. 

H. Hongisto, S. Vuoristo, A. Mikhailova, R. Suuronen, I. Virtanen, T. Otonkoski, and H. Skottman, Laminin-511 expression is associated with the functionality of feeder cells in human embryonic stem cell culture. Stem Cell Res., 8 (1) 97-108, Jan. 2012. 

M.M. Mahlstedt, D. Anderson, J.S. Sharp, R. McGilvray, M.D. Munoz, E.D. Buttery, M.R. Alexander, ER. Rose, and C. Denning, Maintenance of pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells cultured on a synthetic substrate in conditioned medium, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 105 (1) 130-140, Jan. 2010. 

Biomaterial Scaffolds for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Culture and... 

Biomaterial Scaffolds for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Culture and Differentiation 32-13 32.3.3.1 Neural Tissue... 

Kohen, N. T., Little, L. E., and Healy, K. E. 2009. Characterization of Matrigel interfaces during defined human embryonic stem cell culture. Biointerphases, 4,69-79. 

Ke, Q., Yang, Y, Rana, J. S., Chen, Y, Morgan, J. P., and Xiao, Y. F. 2005. Embryonic stem cells cultured in biodegradable scaffold repair infarcted myocardium in mice. Sheng Li Xue. Bao., 57,673-681. 

Terstegge, S., Laufenberg, I., Pochert, J. et al. 2007. Automated maintenance of embryonic stem cell cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 96 195-201. 

Several bioreactor configurations have been developed for stem cell expansion and differentiation (Table 38.2). These include systems for both adult and embryonic stem cell culture, and significant examples are illustrated in the following sections. TABLE 38.2 Bioreactor Systems for Stem Cell Culture ... 

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