Neuroepithelial cells

Fig. 5.3(b) Female rat, isolated VN neuroepithelial cell response to 1 20 dilution of male rat urine, spike traces truncated at -30 mV (from Trotier et al., 1998). 

Human embryonic stem cells / Culture as floating aggregratesN. (embryoid bodies), forming / neuroepithelial cells s Culture to form midbrain dopamine neurons ... 

A unified model for mechanotransduction allows comparison of mechanoreceptors from many organisms and cell types. Mechanoreceptors nearly universally use ion channels for transducing sensory information. Mechanoreceptors are either neurons or are neuroepithelial cells with synapses, and the currency of the nervous system is the membrane potential. Opening an ion channel allows a cell quickly and extensively to modulate its membrane potential, and hence neurotransmitter release, the final step in mechanoreception at the cellular level. 

Hair cells are neuroepithelial cells their large basolat-eral surface includes synaptic contacts with afferent and efferent nerve fibers, while the mechanically sensitive hair bundle is located on their apical surface. The hair bundle is an ensemble of 30-300 actin-filled stereocilia and a single axonemal kinocilium (Fig. 51-2). The kinocilium,... 

Here are the bare essentials of taste bud structure. At the top of the taste bud, there is a small pore opening into the bud. Tastants get access to the taste bud molecular machinery through this pore. The body of the taste bud is composed of 30-100 individual neuroepithelial cells, of three types. The key cell type is the sensory cell in whose membrane is embedded the receptors for tastants. The afferent taste nerve... 

The vertebrate nervous system including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and other cells originates from a flat sheet of neuroepithelial cells, constituent of the inner lining of neural plate along the dorsal surface of embryo (Fujita, 2003). These neuroepithelial cells are the earliest precursors in the developing CNS. 

The work-to-rest transition results in a decrease of the O2 consumption in cells, a rise in the blood O2 concentration, and consequent lowering of O2 diffusion from the lungs to the blood. As a result, [O2] outside the neuroepithelial cells rises, NADPH oxidase is activated, [H2O2] increases, channel opens, and serotonin is not released. The final event will be a decrease in the O2 supply to the body due to a constriction of airways [8]. 

It is generally assumed that the lung neuroepithelial cells as well as carotid cells are O2 sensors [8]. From this point of view, however, it is difficult to understand why the O2 sensors of animals are organized in such a complex manner. It is known that the O2 sensors are already inherent in bacteria, where they are much simpler than in animals and are competent in [O2] monitoring by means of a direct O2 binding. ... 

In this context, it should be noted that one of the most aggressive types of cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, represents, in fact, a result of malignant transformation of the lung neuroepithelial cells. These tumor cells still produce the same neuromediators [21, 22] and contain both NADPH oxidase and the H202-stimulated channels [8]. Even more, malignant transformation was found to be oxygen-dependent [23]. 

Li R, Gao WQ Mather JP (1996) Multiple factors control the proliferation and differentiation of rat early embryonic (day 9) neuroepithelial cells. Endocrine 5 205-217. 

An Example of Other Excitable Cellular Systems Gill Neuroepithelial Cells... 

Dunel-Erb S, Bailly Y, Laurent P. 1982. Neuroepithelial cells in fish gill primary lamellae. J Appl Physiol 53 1342-1353. Duranteau J, Chandel NS, Kulisz A, Shao ZH, Schumacker PT. 

Drago, J., Nurcombe, V. and Bartlett, P.F. (1991) Laminin through its long arm E8 fragment promotes the proliferation and differentiation of murine neuroepithelial cells in vitro. Exp. Cell Res. 192 256-265. 

In order to study the interplay between intrinsic and environmental (growth factor) regulation of precursor cells within the developing nervous sytem, it is important to establish whether individual neuroepithelial cells retain the capacity to differentiate into both neurons and glia in other words, to what extent do regulatory processes acting after neural induction exert an instructive effect upon neural cell lineage ... 

In dissociated cell cultures, at high cell density, FGF also induces the differentiation of neuroepithelial cells into neurons and astrocytes (Murphy et al., 1990). However, this latter response may have... 

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