Human cultured mast cells

Several other cell types have also been shown to secrete histamine-releasing activity, some of which may be peptide in nature (although more work is necessary for a definitive characterization). For example, human lung macrophages cultured for 24 h have been shown to release a soluble factor (12 and 30 kDa) that stimulates isolated human lung mast cells and human basophils to release histamine [ 145]. The generation and release of this factor developed over time (> 1 h) and was blocked by cycloheximide, indicating that protein... 

PAF synthesis can be demonstrated upon the appropriate stimulation of a diverse range of cells, including rat and mouse peritoneal macrophages [22], mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells [23, 24], rat kidney cells [25], human cultured lymphoid cell lines [26] and endothelial cells [27-29], human and... 

Topical tacrolimus suppresses cytokine and costimulatory molecule expression in epidermal and local draining lymph node cells during the initial skin immune response [97]. The inhibitojy effect of tacrolimus on the production of cytokines in T cells has been demonstrated in both Thl and Th2 cells [98]. This is coincident with reports that the transcription factor NEAT, a target for the calcium-regulated phosphatase calcineurin, mediates transcription of both Thl- and Th2-derived cytokines [99]. The effects of tacrolimus on other inflammatory cells such as skin mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and Langerhans cells have also been studied extensively. Tacrolimus has been shown to inhibit histamine release and cytokine production from human skin, lung, and cord blood-derived cultured mast cells [100-102]. Tacrolimus has also been reported to have a direct inhibitory activity on eosinophil activation [103,104]. 

Gly-His-Lys (GHK) is a tripeptide found in normal human plasma that prolongs survival of normal liver cells [130]. The synthetic one has been found to accelerate growth in cultured cells and tissues including hepatoma cells [130], neuron and glial cells [131], mast cells [132] and lymphocytes... 

Initial studies with mast cell cultures or granules demonstrated that mast cells appear to have several important effects on connective tissue elements. Subba Rao et al. (1983) showed that cultured rat embryonic skin fibroblasts phagocytose rat mast cell granules added to the culture medium or released by co-culmred mast cells, and that this is followed by secretion of collagenase and p-hexosaminidase. Similarly Yoffe et al. (1984) demonstrated that granules derived from mast cells purified from dog mastocytomas induced a 10- to 50-fold stimulation of collagenase production by human... 

Yanagida M, Fukamachi H, Ohgami K, et al. Effects of T-helper 2-type cytokines, interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 on the survival of cultured human mast cells. Blood 1995 86 3705-14. 

Tachimoto, H., Ebisawa, M., Kimata, M., Mori, K., likura, Y, and Saito, H. (1997). Effect of immunosuppressive drugs on cytokine production from cultured human mast cells and basophils. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 99 (Part 2), S123. 

Rat and mouse normal and neoplastic cells all contain the receptor (Mendoza and Metzger, 1976) but do not distinguish between rat and mouse IgE. The affinity constants of both rat and mouse mast cells for rat IgE are high (Ka = approximately 10 ), but the normal rat mast cell has 40-80 times greater affinity than that of the mouse normal mast cell. Receptors for IgE have also been found on certain human cultured lym-phoblastoid cell lines (Gonzalez-Molina and Spiegelberg, 1976) and are specific for human IgE. 

Studies on expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors by human mast cells unexpectedly revealed that LTE4 helps to induce greater numbers of mast cells from cord blood progenitor cells cultured together with lL-6 and IL-10 than... 

Obata, T, Nagakura, T, Masaki, T, Maekawa, K and Yamashita, K (1999) Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits prostaglandin D2 generation by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase-2 in cultured human mast cells. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 29,1129-1135. 

GaUi SJ. New concepts about the mast cell. N Engl J Med 1993 328 257-265. Dvorak AM. Cell biology of the basophil. Int Rev Cytol 1998 180 87-236. Dvorak AM, Saito H, Estrella P, Kissell S, Aral N, Ishizaka T. Ultrastructure of eosinophils and basophils stimulated to develop in cord blood mononuclear cell cultures containing recombinant human interleukin-5 or interleukin-3. Lab Invest 1989 61 116-132. 

Taipale J, Lohi J, Saarinen J, Kovanen PT, Keski OJ. Human mast cell chymase and leukocyte elastase release latent transforming growth factor-beta 1 from the extracellular matrix of cultured human epithelial and endothelial cells. JBiol Chem 1995 270 4689-4696. 

---