HPV chemicals

High pressure valves, manual, 13 415 High pressure vessel suppliers, 13 412 High production volume (HPV) chemicals, 24 186... 

Work undertaken on a chemical in the OECD HPV Chemicals Program as a follow-up to conclusions and recommendations by SIAM is considered as post-SIDS work, see also Table 2.2. This can include national/regional exposure information gathering and assessment as well as testing of endpoints beyond SIDS to assess a concern identified by SIAM. The Task Force on Existing Chemicals monitors post-SIDS work and can take decisions related to further work to be carried out in OECD in a concerted manner. 

The chemical industry supports the OECD activities on HPV chemicals because this work eliminates duplication of efforts to test chemicals to fulfill various national and regional requirements... 

A comprehensive Manual for Investigation of HPV Chemicals is available (OECD 2004). The Manual describes procedures, including the use of electronic discussion groups and the online HPV database data gathering and testing SIDS, the SIDS plan, and the SIDS Dossier data evaluation initial assessment of data (guidance for assessing the hazards of chemical substances to man and the environment) preparation of the SIAR and SIAP and post-SIDS work. 

For further details, please consult the description of OECD work on investigation of HPV chemicals prepared by the OECD Secretariat based on the agreements reached in the OECD Existing Chemicals Program up to October 2004 (OECD 2006c). 

The U.S. HPV chemicals are those which are manufactured in or imported into the United States in amounts equal to or greater than 1 million pounds per year. The U.S. HPV chemicals were identified through information collected under the TSCA Inventory Update Rule (lUR). Organic chemicals that are manufactured in, or imported into, the United States in amounts equal to or exceeding 10,000 pounds per year are subject to reporting under the TSCA lUR. Reporting is required every 4 years. 

In 1998, US-EPA s Administrator invited the Chief Executive Officers of more than 900 chemical companies that account for most of the U.S. manufacture and import of HPV chemicals to participate in the HPV Challenge Program. The program encourages chemical manufacturers to voluntarily test chemicals for which little or no health or environmental effects data were publicly available. 

OECD. 1997. Decision of the Council concerning the Adherence of non-Member Countries to the Council Acts related to the Mutual Acceptance of Data in the Assessment of Chemicals [C(81)30(Final) and C(89)87 (Final)]. http /webdominol.oecd.org/horizontal/oecdacts.nsf/linkto/C(97)114 OECD. 2004. Manual for Investigation of HPV Chemicals. Paris OECD, http //www.oecd.org/document/ 7/0,3343,en 2649 34379 1947463 l l l l,00.html OECD. 2006a. The OECD website, http //www.oecd.org/... 

Section 3.3 in the OECD Manual for Investigation of HPV Chemicals, provides a detailed guidance for the use of SARs in the HPV Chemicals Program (OECD 2002). 

Lucas, R. M. and McMichael, A. J. 2005. Association or causation evaluating hnks between environment and disease. Bull. WHO 83 792-795. http //www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/83/10/792.pdf NCT. 2007. The National Center for Toxicogenomics (NCT) website. http /www.niehs.nih.gov/nct/office.htm OECD. 2002. 3.3 Guidance for the use of structure-activity relationships (SARs) in the HPV chemicals programme. In Manual for Investigation of HPV Chemicals. Paris OECD. http /www.oecd. org/dataoecd/60/24/1947517.pdf... 

OECD. 2004. Manual for Investigation of HPV Chemicals. Paris OECD.http //www.oecd.org/document/7/ 0,2340,en 2649 34379 1947463 l l l l,00.html OECD. 2006. OECD website, http //www.oecd.org... 

Environmental Protection Agency (1999b) High production volume (HPV) chemicals list, Washington, DC [http //www.epa.gov/]... 

These relationships allow for screening and ranking of toxicity so that the least toxic option may be used if deemed appropriate. They are applied in many jurisdictions for regulatory use in the prediction of ecological effects (and fate) of chemicals when there are no actual toxicity data and decisions need to be made about their use [99]. QSARs have been developed, for example, to predict which chemicals may exhibit persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT) properties, or be very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) [99]. These methods have been applied to the prediction of chemicals that fall under the European REACH initiative and also high production volume (HPV) chemicals [99]. Currently available QSARs for predicting a compound s fall into two general classes those that have been developed for a nonspecific mode of action, and those that have been developed for specific types or classes of chemicals [99]. 

Walker, J.D., Dimitrov, S., and Mekenyan, O., Using HPV chemical data to develop QSARs for non-HPV chemicals opportunities to promote more efficient use of chemical testing resources, QSAR Combinatorial Sci., 22, 386-395, 2003b. 

This is another major initiative of the chemical industry, a global programme focusing specifically on the assessment of HPV chemicals. Launched through the ICCA in 1998 in co-operation with the Organisation for Economic Development and Co-operation, this programme builds on early co-operative work of chemical companies with the OECD Chemicals Programme. 

Manual for Investigation of HPV Chemicals Description of OECD Work on Investigation of High Production Volume Chemicals, 2005, p.3. 

A9.6.4.4 The U.S. EPA has recently posted a draft document on its website Development of Chemical Categories in the HPV Challenge Program, that proposes the use of chemical categories to voluntarily compile a Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) on all chemicals on the US HPV list. .. [to provide] basic screening data needed for an initial assessment of the physicochemical properties, environmental fate, and human and environmental effects of chemicals (US EPA, 1999). This list consists of ...about 2,800 HPV chemicals which were reported for the Toxic Substances Control Act s 1990 Inventory Update Rule (lUR) . 

In addition, regulatory initiatives such as the European Union s Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) program, Canada s Domestic Substances List, and the High Production Volume (HPV) chemical programs in the United States and Europe are key drivers for the... 

See also Exposure Assessment Exposure Criteria Hazard Identification High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals Risk Assessment, Ecological Risk Assessment, Human Health. 

A further OECD Council Decision in 1991 focused on HPV chemicals. These decisions prompted the development of a minimum hazard data set to describe an HPV chemical - the Screening Information Data Set, or SIDS. This includes physicochemical properties (melting point, boiling point, vapor pressure, water solubility, and octanol-water partition coefficient) environmental fate (stability in water, photodegradation, biodegradation, and an estimate of distribution/transport in the environment) environmental effects (acute toxicity to aquatic vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants) and human health effects (acute toxicity, repeated-dose toxicity, toxicity to the gene and the chromosome, and reproductive and developmental toxicity). 

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