Hospital carrier

A third type of hospital ship was the hospital carrier. These vessels also wore the regulation hospital ship colours and were protected under the Geneva Convention, but they were not fully fitted out with wards, surgery, dispensary and so on. Outwardly they could not be distinguished from full hospital ships and ultimately many were completely converted. 

Medical Programs. Large chemical plants have at least one hill-time physician who is at the plant five days a week and on call at all other times. Smaller plants either have part-time physicians or take injured employees to a nearby hospital or clinic by arrangement with the company compensation-insurance carrier. When part-time physicians or outside medical services are used, there is Httle opportunity for medical personnel to become familiar with plant operations or to assist in improving the health aspects of plant work. Therefore, it is essential that chemical-ha2ards manuals and procedures, which highlight symptoms and methods of treatment, be developed. A hill-time industrial physician should devote a substantial amount of time to becoming familiar with the plant, its processes, and the materials employed. Such education enables the physician to be better prepared to treat injuries and illnesses and to advise on preventive measures. 

Price discrimination refers to the practice of selling identical products to different sets of customers at different prices. Expressed another way, different customers pay different markups over the identical incremental cost of producing an identical product. Price discrimination is widely practiced in the hotel and airline industries, by universities in the United States that can vary their tuition through scholarships, by electric power companies, and in the health care industry. Hospitals in the United States, for example, routinely charge different payers different prices for the same services. In the U.S. pharmaceutical market, different prices are charged to different insurance carriers and to self-paying patients. Worldwide, the same pharmaceutical firms sell the identical product to different countries at different prices. 

The adamantane work was undertaken as a contribution to the artificial fluorocarbon blood substitute area. The use of fluorocarbons as artificial blood and as oxygen carriers in other applications is an area that is being developed by Leland Gark, Jr., of Cincinnati Children s Hospital and Paul Geyer of Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston. The reader who is unfamiliar with this area of research will find reviews on the subject to be extremely interesting (68). The... 

Constant monitoring of resistance patterns in a hospital or community (changing recommended antibiotics used for empirical treatment when the prevalence of resistance becomes high), and good infection control in hospitals (e.g. isolation of carriers, hand hygiene practices for ward staff) to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria... 

Although transport of specimens from the patient to the clinical laboratory is often done by messenger, pneumatic tube systems have been used to move the specimens more rapidly over long distances within the hospital. Hemolysis may occur in these systems unless the tubes are completely filled and movement of the blood tubes inside the specimen carrier is prevented. The pneumatic tube system should be designed to eliminate sharp curves and sudden stops of the specimen carriers, because these factors are responsible for much of the hemolysis that may occur. With many systems, however, the plasma hemoglobin concentration may be increased, and the serum activity of red cell enzymes, such as lactate dehydrogenase, may also be increased. Nonethe-... 

For hospital patients with infections, and after accidental injury or postsurgery, the systemic inflammatory response wiU affect the concentration of essential elements in circulating blood independently of nutritional status. For example, the APR causes increased permeability of capillaries and transfer of certain plasma carrier proteins and their trace metals into interstitial space. Hepatic synthesis of some plasma proteins, the so-called acute phase proteins, is also induced, so that these proteins increase in concentration in plasma, together with any metals that they carry (e.g., ceruloplasmin and copper). Moreover, there are marked changes in the kinetics of elements, with altered rates of transfer to and from the tissue. Knowledge of the effect of disease on metal kinetics and distribution is therefore essential. ... 

Ruano G, Makowski G, Windcmuth A, et al. High carrier prevalence of deficient and null alleles of CYP2 genes in a major USA hospital implications for personalized drug safety. Personalized Med 2006 3 131-7. 

Stool cultures inevitably yield the causative organism if obtained early (i.e., in patients hospitalized less than 3 days). Recovery of organisms continues to decrease with time so that by 3 to 4 weeks, only 5% to 15% of adult patients are passing Salmonella. Infants and children tend to pass bacteria for longer periods than adults. Some patients may continue to shed Salmonella for a year or longer. These chronic carrier states are rare for serotypes other than Typhi. ... 

Unlike these ships, which were entitled to protection from attack under the Geneva Convention, the Franconia and nineteen other vessels like her were classed as ambulance transports or black hospital ships . These were also equipped to convey and treat sick and wounded but they doubled as troop and stores carriers on return voyages... 

Health Services, or literature reviews for the assessment of health outcome of different procedures. It is important to note that a NCD does not specify the code or the amount of payment. The LCDs are similar to NCDs but are established by the CMS contractors at local levels and applies to reasonable and necessary procedures or services for reimbursement. They can be superseded by NCDs and also do not specify the code or the amount of payment. The majority of LCDs are made by two categories of CMS contractors the fiscal intermediaries who process claims from facilities/hospitals, and the carriers who process claims from physicians or freestanding imaging facilities. 

For PET procedures performed in the hospital outpatient department, an additional payment is made for the cost of 18F-FDG, 82Rb-RbCl, and 13N-NH3, provided the proper code and the dosage quantity are submitted. In the case of freestanding facilities and private medical practices, radiopharmaceuticals are reimbursed at 95% of the average wholesale price or are carrier-priced and may be paid separately or globally. 

In the medical community it is well known that humans exhale volatile metabolites which potentially carry important information about their health status. Thus, successful and fast detection of potential products of different metabohc processes becomes attractive, especially if the detection limits of the spectrometric methods used are low enough and the instruments become available at moderate price levels to be used as standard methods in hospitals or point-ofcare centers. The vision of the authors is to contribute to the use of human breath as a carrier of information of the health status of the body in addition to human blood and urine. 

Lassa virus causes Lassa fever, a major febrile disease of West Africa, where it is associated with 10% to 15% of adult febrile admissions to the hospital and perhaps 40% of nonsurgical deaths.1 In addition, Lassa fever is a pediatric disease and the cause of high mortality in pregnant women. While nosocomial infections do occur, most Lassa virus infections can be traced to contact with the carrier rodent, Mastomys natilensis. 

Cost of time spent on the case by first-aid attendant and hospital department staff when not paid for by the insurance carrier. 

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