Fluorocarbon blood substitute, artificial

The adamantane work was undertaken as a contribution to the artificial fluorocarbon blood substitute area. The use of fluorocarbons as artificial blood and as oxygen carriers in other applications is an area that is being developed by Leland Gark, Jr., of Cincinnati Children s Hospital and Paul Geyer of Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston. The reader who is unfamiliar with this area of research will find reviews on the subject to be extremely interesting (68). The... 

Poloxamer 188 has also been used as an emulsifying agent for fluorocarbons used as artificial blood substitutes and in the preparation of solid-dispersion systems. 

The most effective emulsion and foam stabilizers are aerosol systems containing fluorocarbon propellants as surfactants. These are believed to form an oriented polymolecular structure at the propellant-water interface for optimum stability Sanders has found [90] that the surfactants must have a low solubility in both phases and have the ability to remain in the interfacial region. Hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon chains are not freely miscible and this perhaps explains the unusual behaviour of the surfactants in these systems. Addition of long-chain alcohols or acids enhance stability of the fluorocarbon emulsions and a hypothetical structure of the interfacial region has been proposed (Fig. 8.16). Davis et al. [91] have investigated the stability of fluorocarbon emulsions intended as artificial blood substitutes. Perfluorocarbon oils tended to produce unstable emulsions while oil phases such as perfluorotributylamine or per-fluorotetrahydrofuran formed more stable systems. These authors also refer to the possibility that as fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon mixtures have positive excess free energies, cohesive and adhesive forces between surfactant and oil phase will result. 

Fluorocarbons, In artificial cornea, blood vessels, heart-valve coatings, reconstructive surgery, bone substitution. 

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