Causative organism

There are other milder forms of thederiasis that resemble the disease caused by T parva infection. They also primarily affect catde and are transmitted by ticks. Causative organisms iaclude Theileria annulata responsible for tropical thieleriasis, tropical piroplasmosis, Egyptian fever, and Mediterranean Coast fever. These affect ox, zebu, and water buffalo. Endemic areas iaclude northern Africa, southeastern Europe, the southern part of the former USSR, and Asia. Theileria mutans is the cause of benign bovine thieleriasis, Marico calf disease, and mild gad sickness. It affects ox and zebu ia Africa, Asia, southern Europe, England, the former USSR, AustraUa, and North America. 

Turbidity n/a Tt3 Turbidity, a measure of water cloudiness, is used to indicate water quality and filtration effectiveness (e.g., whether disease-causing organisms are present). Higher turbidity is associated with higher levels of microorganisms such as viruses, parasites and some bacteria. These organisms can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches. Soil runoff... 

Amoebal infections, particularly of farm animals and the female human genitalia, are at best only annoying. All too often the problem encountered leads to difficult diarrheas. A group of nitroimidazoles have activity against the causative organisms and consequently have been widely synthesized. 

It must be stressed that the identification of the causative organism(s) may be extremely difficult since it often depends on the quantitative determination of numbers of each microbial type in a complex mixture together with an assessment of its chemical and physical activities in that particular environment. 

Pinworm is a helminHi infection that is universally common most oHier helminth infections are predomi-lianHy found in countries or areas of the world that lack proper sanitary facilities. Malaria is rare in the United States, but it is sometimes seen in individuals who have traveled to or lived in areas where this disease is a healtii problem. The first antimalarial drug, quinine, is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. Amebiasis is seen Hiroughout the world, but it is less common in developed countries where sanitary facilities prevent Hie spread of the causative organism. 

TABLE 16-1 Common Names and Causative Organisms of Parasitic Infections... 

The proton pump inhibitors are particularly important in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori in patients with active duodenal ulcers. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been implicated as a causative organism in a type of chronic gastritis and in a large number of cases of peptic and duodenal ulcers. 

HPLC was used to determine that Gymnodimum catenatum was the causative organism in PSP outbreaks in Tasmania (77) and Spain (Sullivan, unpublished). G. catenatum produces a suite of toxins predominated by the low-toxicity sulfamate toxins. Cl to C4, and while shellfish feeding on G. catenatum contain predominantly these toxins, they also contain some carbamate and decarbamoyl toxins. Currently, it is not known if the carbamate and decarbamoyl toxins are present due to chemical conversion from the sulfocarbamoyl form or due to selective retention of trace quantities already present in the dinoflagellates. The HPLC played a key role in these studies by providing a rapid, quantitative means to differentiate the various toxins present. 

Bacillus anthracis, the causative organism of anthrax, possesses a capsule composed of polyglutamic acid the slime layers produced by other organisms are of a carbohydrate nature. 

Since the causative organism of leprosy, one of the world s six major diseases, Mycobacterium leprae, is closely related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, thio-semicarbazones have also been used as second-line drugs in the chemotherapy of leprosy [38]. The most widely used in leprosy treatment has been thiacetazone, and structure-activity relationships for it are similar to those observed for antitubercular thiosemicarbazones [39, 40]. 

Because GAS historically has been the primary causative organism, penicillin has been the mainstay of therapy. O However, the incidence ofS. aureus impetigo is increasing, so oral penicillinase-stable penicillins or first-generation cephalosporins are now preferred.3 Erythromycin is an alternative choice when penicillin allergy is a concern. Topical mupirocin may be used alone when there are few lesions.3... 

Abscess drainage and debrided tissue, if obtainable, can be cultured and will yield the causative organism(s) up to 90% of the time. 

What are the most likely causative organisms in this case of cellulitis ... 

If GAS is identified as the sole causative organism from deep tissue culture, antimicrobial therapy can be narrowed to high-dose IV penicillin G plus clindamycin. Antibiotic therapy should be continued until further operative debridements are unnecessary, the patient displays substantial clinical improvement, and fevers have abated for at least 48 to 72 hours.3... 

Describe the most likely causative organisms of IE, particularly in specific patient populations. 

Over 95% of uncomplicated UTIs are the result of a single causative organism. In 85% of the cases, this organism is... 

Haemophilus ducreyi, a gram-negative bacterium, has been isolated as the causative organism of chancroid, a genital ulcerative disease usually accompanied by inguinal lymphadenitis and bubo formation. Chancroid may possibly spread to other anatomic sites, a clinical feature first discovered by Ducrey in 1889.37... 

Monotherapy is equivalent to combination therapy once a causative pathogen has been identified. Empiric therapy should include combination regimens to ensure coverage of causative organisms. 

Mains drinking water is not sterile. Water regulations state that it must contain less than one faecal coliform bacterium per 100 cm3 but concentrations of 103/cm3 of Pseudomonads, one of the main causative organism in industrial product spoilage, are quite common and can lead to infection. 

A powerful oxidant which may explode violently above 80° C, and which causes organic solvents to ignite on contact. It decomposes on exposure to light, usually slowly, sometimes explosively. 

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