High Production Volume substance

There are several thousands of high production volume substances, and tens of thousands more, with lower production volumes... 

The European Commission (EC) has sponsored four reports that evaluate a set of 553 substances selected by experts and stakeholders for assessment for endocrine disruption. Each report addresses a subset of the total set based on priorities such as whether the chemicals are persistent, bioaccumulating or High Production Volume chemicals and/or whether or not there is already regulatory control of the chemical. 

The high production volumes and widespread use of surfactants have been an environmental concern since the early 1960s. Surfactants are used in industry and agriculture and are also found in household and personal care products. Subsequently, these substances are released into the environment, directly, or after being processed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). 

Institute for Health and Consumer Protection - European Chemicals Bureau Pubhc Availability of Data on EU High Production Volume Chemicals, 1999. These substances are documented in the lUCLID database (International Uniform Chemical Information Database). 

For existing substances, the data collection consists of three phases. The ESR was initially concerned with the so-called HPVCs (High Production Volume Chemicals). HPVCs are those substances, which are covered by the data collection phases I and II of the ESR, i.e., those substances which have been imported or produced in quantities exceeding 1000 tons per year and produced/imported between March 23 1990 and March 23 1994. During phase I, 1884 substances were extracted from EINECS - referred to as the HPVC list these substances are listed in Annex I of ESR. The total list of substances reported under phases I and II of the Regulation is now referred to as the EU-HPVC list. 

In the EU, 141 of existing high production volume chemical substances have been prioritized for an in-depth risk assessment, see Section 2.4.1.4 for details. 

HPV-lnerts data set — It contains 623 high production volume inerts (human papilloma virus-[HPV] Inerts), which is a subset of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory. The EPA is including HPV-lnerts in version 2 of the Endocrine Disruption Priority Setting Database (EDPSD2), and there was a need to prioritize HPV-lnerts for further experimental evaluation. Of 623 chemicals, 166 chemicals were either mixtures or their structures were not available, excluding them from prediction. The activities (or otherwise) of457 chemicals were predicted by this system. 

The high production volume chemical, 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, XVI was photolysed in distilled and natural waters and aqueous solutions of soil-extracted humic substances (Ranker, Spain) under various irradiation conditions with monochromatic light at 280 nm, using polychromatic lamps emitting between 300 and 450 nm, and in natural sunlight (June, Clermont-Ferrand, France) [78,79]. 

In addition, regulatory initiatives such as the European Union s Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) program, Canada s Domestic Substances List, and the High Production Volume (HPV) chemical programs in the United States and Europe are key drivers for the... 

High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge is a program defined in 1998 by the EPA for toxicological assessment of substances that are manufactured or imported into the United States. 

The data reporting is divided into two broad categories - first, data on high production volume (HPV) substances produced or imported in quantities exceeding 1000 tonnes per year, and secondly, data on low production volume (LPV) substances which have been produced or imported in quantities between 10 and 1000 tonnes per year. 

As the quantity of a new substance increases through Level 1 to Level 2, so the additional toxicological data required converges with the data required for High Production Volume existing substances. The Directive also requires that the substances shall be classified as very toxic, toxic or harmful, according to the criteria shown in Table 5. 

An alternative to time-consuming risk assessments of chemical substances could be more reliable and advanced priority setting methods. Hasse Diagram Technique (HDT) and/or Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) provide an elaboration of the simple scoring methods. The present chapter evaluates HDT relative to two MCA techniques. The main methodological step in the comparison is the use of probability concepts based on mathematical tools such as linear extensions of partially ordered sets and Monte Carlo simulations. A data set consisting of 12 High Production Volume Chemicals (HPVCs) is used for illustration. 

The databases are not only looked upon with respect to their parameters but also with respect to some selected chemicals. The selection of a pragmatic number of existing chemical substances, which are not only relevant in one aspect, is difficult and here solved rather pragmatically. The following 12 high production volume chemicals are chosen which are listed in Table 3. 

The aggregation of the data-matrix will be performed and the results presented by the application of METEOR (Method of Evaluation by Order Theory). The criteria (attributes) encompass ecotoxicity as well as environmental fate. As all the chemical substances are high production volume chemicals and used as pesticides, we aggregate them into one group. Hence we cope with three aggregation groups where each of the following... 

United States Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Existing Chemicals Assessment Division. Information packet on the OECD Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) Program for high production volume (HPV) chemicals, 1992. 

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