High pressure nozzle

Direct inlet fogging, is a type of evaporative cooling method, where de-mineralized water is converted into a fog by means of high-pressure nozzles operating at 1000-3000 psi. (67-200 Bar) This fog then provides cooling... 

The cluster reactor is attached to the pulsed cluster source s condensation channel, as shown in Figure 6. (16) To it is attached a high-pressure nozzle from which a helium/hydrocarbon mixture is pulsed into the reactor at a time selected with respect to the production and arrival of the clusters. The effect of turbulent mixing with the reactant pulse perturbs the beam, but clusters and reaction products which survive the travel from the source to the photoionization regime ( 600y sec) and the photoionization process are easily detected. 

Fig. 18. (a) End effector collecting substances that can cause scratches, (b) If a high-pressure nozzle or a clean brush is used, the end effector is clean [16],... 

Most detergent slurries are atomized into spherical droplets via high pressure nozzles. The nozzles produce a hollow conical pattern with a spray angle of 45 to 90°. The slurry emerges from the nozzle as a film, which is... 

The object of atomization is to produce a large number of small droplets from a liquid stream so that the droplets can be dried into particles. Atomization is accomplished usually by one of three t3q)es of devices (1) a high-pressure nozzle, (2) a two-fluid nozzle, or (3) Airspeed centrifugal discs. These atomizers are low in cost, produce broad... 

It is also believed that nozzle life is affected by feedstock characteristics. Although the dry-feed system may be more difficult to operate at high pressures, nozzle life may be longer in the absence of large amounts of evaporating water. Deeper understanding is needed to identify the effect of feedstock preparation. 

Residual fuel oil, the bottom fraction of the distillation colunrn, contains most of the undesirable sulfur, metals, and carbon deposits from crude oil. It has a very high viscosity and can solidify in cold weather. Its use requires high-pressure nozzles and heated containers, making it unsuited for home heating. It is primarily used in industrial, utility, and marine boilers. 

From a historical perspective, the first unambiguous observation of dipole states came from the group of Kit Bowen (Johns Hopkins) in 1990, who studied the important water dimer dipole anion. The Bowen group has also studied ground state dipole-bound anions produced by electron attachment under high-pressure nozzle-jet expansion condition. They have also used photodetachment photoelectron spectroscopy to determine electron affinities for a number of the molecules shown in Figure 4. 

In November 1961 three C12.3 Provider transport planes of the United States Airforce took off from their base in the Philippines, bound for South Vietnam. All three were equipped with huge tanks capable of holding 1,000 gallons of liquid. High pressure nozzles were fitted beneath the wings and tailplanes. They were to be the instruments of the biggest use of chemical warfare since the First World War.45... 

Precipitation from a concentrated solution of cations can be performed by solvent evaporation. To ensure that the particle size remains small, the concentrated solution may be atomised at high pressure into fine droplets of 100-500 pm diameter the solvent is rapidly evaporated by an upward stream of hot gas. The particles obtained, which can be as small as 100 nm, are compacted and calcined to produce the ceramic. A schematic representation of the spray-drying process is shown in Fig. 3.4. Several alternative methods are currently under development they are known as aerosol synthesis, aerosol pyrolysis or mist pyrolysis, depending on the specific technique to produce the gaseous suspension of fine particles aerosols are produced in high pressure nozzles and mists are obtained by means of nebulisers. YIG particles (0.25 pm) have been obtained by mist pyrolysis (Matsumoto et ai, 1991) by nebulising an aqueous solution of... 

Generally, the preconcentrated coffee extract (40%-50% solid content) is atomized by high pressure nozzles in a cocurrent flow drying chamber. A direct air heater is usually used. The drying... 

Increase (by a factor of 2-3) the drying rate Eliminate property (e.g., temperature) distribution within the dryer, which improves the product quality Lower gas and product temperatures during processing Handle sticky materials that form lumps or aggregates without mechanical mixing or disintegration Atomize most pumpable liquids without the need for an atomizer or high-pressure nozzles Reduce unit air consumption by 30%-40%... 

Formulation 2 remains dormant since polyol 2 continues to recirculate through a high-pressure nozzle positioned close to the mixhead... 

Disperse liquids, slurries, and suspensions without the need for a disk atomizer or high-pressure nozzle... 

Diameter and size distribution of the droplets strongly depend on the design of the spraying device, the so-called atomizer. Typical devices are high-pressure nozzles, gas-liquid nozzles, and high-speed centrifugal disks. 

The objective of the atomization process is to create drops small enough to dry in the spray drying tower. This is done with a number of high-pressure nozzles known as hollow-cone pressure swirl nozzles. These nozzles are distributed at one or more levels within the spray drying tower and have to be sufficiently distant from the wall to avoid buildup caused by wet drops sticking before they have dried sufficiently. For this reason, and for reasons of residence time, smaller towers typically run with smaller nozzles. 

If the plant has to be opened for a mechanical cleaning, for example with high-pressure nozzles, the surfaces have to be easily accessible. Tube evaporators show evident advantages in this respect. 

Handle sticky materials that form lumps or aggregates without mechanical mixing or disintegration Atomize most pumpable hquids without the need for an atomizer or high-pressure nozzles Reduce unit air consumption by 30 to 40%... 

One of these kinds of tum-up system has two high-pressure nozzles before the reel drum which can be moved very quickly in the cross direction. These nozzles start in the middle of the web at a distance of about 20 to 40 cm. The high-pressure water jet thus cuts a center strip which is transferred to the empty reel spool after the primary nip. After its successful turn-up, the two high pressure nozzles are... 

Once emulsion droplets are disrupted in a high-pressure nozzle, they will be stabilized by adsorbing emulsifier molecules. This, however, is a process taking some time. This time depends on the emulsifier molecule structure and chemical nature of the phases [42], The kinetics of the surfactant(s) also influences the probability of coalescence and thus the coalescence rate [28]. 

The REAL nozzle flow model was validated with measurements performed on a high-pressure nozzle with nitrogen at a test facility of BASF. The measurements were conducted at inlet pressures of up to 1000 bar [15]. In addition, the calculations agree very accurately with the values in DIN EN ISO 9300 [13], based on many measurements on nozzles performed worldwide at pressures below 200 bar. Moreover, Beune [6] has intensively studied the flow behavior through high-pressure safety valves by numerical simulations with ANSYS CFX. He underlined the precision of the real gas nozzle flow model. In addition, he verified experimentally for a certain valve type that the discharge coefficient of the safety valve in combination with the REAL nozzle flow model can be regarded as constant as is presently stated in EN-ISO 4126-7. 

Comparative data on three types of scrubbers used in supeiphosphate plants are presented by Pettit (1951 A, B). Although no conclusions are drawn in the study, the data, which are summarized in Table 6-16, indicate that the horizontal scrubber offered the highest efficiency with the lowest water-flow rate. The high efficiency of this unit probably resulted from the use of high-pressure nozzles and the long tortuous path which the gas stream was forced to follow. 

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