Cross direction

Quere, /. cross direction, transverse direction breadth. 

At the turn of the century, the German chemical company Bayer was capitalizing on a previously unnoticed chemical improvement on morphine. In 1898, Bayer began aggressively marketing heroin as a cough cure for the rampant disease of the time, tuberculosis. Heroin, a derivative of morphine, crosses directly into the brain, where it is converted immediately back to morphine. Unbelievably, it was said to be non-addictive. 

Contained 65% virgin fibers and 35% recycled fibers. b 100% virgin-fiber furnish. c Machine direction. d Cross direction. 

Reasonably linear relationships were found on these papers when logarithms of the average MD (machine direction) and CD (cross direction) folding endurance values were plotted vs. incubation time. Statistical calculations for these data are listed in Table IV, and the Arrhenius graph is shown in Figure 3. 

The cured sheets were conditioned at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity. MIT folding endurance was run on 1.5-cm wide strips at 0.5 kg load. Tensile was taken on the same width strip. Eight strips were run machine direction and eight cross direction. As mentioned by Raff et al. (4,5), standard deviation and coefficient of variation were increased greatly in the treated plasticized paper for example untreated Foldur Kraft gave ... 

Note Column headings indicate the wash treatment used. MD denotes machine direction CD denotes cross direction. 

Note MD denotes machine direction CD denotes cross direction. 

As briefly described above, the objective of the Sheet Forming Control Problem (SFCP) is to control the sheet thickness at 15 different points as uniformly as possible around different targets (yo). Thus, there are 15 controlled variables (CV s), which correspond to the thicknesses in the cross-direction, with the same relative weight (w). Moreover, this process has 9 manipulated variables (MV s) and 3 disturbance variables (DV s). The steady-state gain model, the sets within which the input and output variables are constrained and the relative weights of the output variables are given in the following equations ... 

Both approaches are used in the mat forming stage. The object is to form a mat the width of the press, with a weight per unit area such that when compressed to the required thickness in the press, it will have the density desired in the final produet, at all points in the panel. Typically the density variation across the width of the mat should be within 2% of the mean value, with density measurements based on 100 mm square samples from the panel. To achieve this it is necessary to distribute the prepared particles uniformly across the width of the pressed mat (the cross direction) and also along the panel (the length direction). The mat former that performs this operation has at times used both mechanical and air transport systems to achieve this sometimes in the same forming process. 

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