Feedstock characteristics

Table 11. Biomass Feedstock Characteristics that Affect Suitability of Conversion Process...

Feedstock characteristic Physical Thermal Biological Chemical... 

When implementing a biomass-based thermochemical conversion system, it is important to critically evaluate the feedstock characteristics such as cost, distribution, mass, and physical and chemical properties. The feedstock qualities must be considered when matching feedstocks with a proper conversion technology. 

There are numerous refining methods employed to extract the fractions of petroleum liquids and gases. A particular refinery process design is normally dependent on the raw feedstock characteristics (e.g., crude oil and produced gas natural specifications) and the market demands (e.g., aviation or automotive gasolines), which it intends to meet. 

Yields Ethylene yields to 84% for ethane, 38% for naphtha and 32% for gas oils may be achieved depending upon feedstock characteristics. 

Feedstock Characteristics. The Sunnyside tar sand sample contains 9.3 wt % bitumen. The extracted bitumen was subjected to deasphaltening and results of three runs were 20.6, 19.9, and 21.4 wt % (20.6% average) of the total bitumen. The elemental analysis and physical properties of the bitumen,... 

Table 3.11 lists the important feedstock characteristics to be examined when developing a conversion process for a specific virgin or waste biomass feedstock. A particular process also may have specific requirements within a given process type. For example, biological gasification and alcoholic fermenta-... 

TABLE 3.11 Feedstock Characteristics That Affect Suitability of a Conversion Process... 

With wood waste, the feedstock characteristics (disposition in bulk, thick particles, low bulk density), lead to a very bulky bed. These conditions favour the rate of the pyrolysis process through a enhanced heat transfer and evacuation of the pyrolysis products. The loss of weight has been followed during the experiments. There are not much differences between the loss of weight for pyrolysis temperatures of 5S0 °C or 750 °C. In the fiiture, it would be interesting to perform such experiments with pyrolysis temperatures from 500 °C to 800 °C, in order to find the best appropriateness between the pyrolysis products quality and their heavy metals contents. 

Look at the feedstock characteristics (water/organic/inorganic-content and particle... 

Feedstock Characteristics. Several important feed characteristics considered in H-Oil desulfurization are (1) the character of the residuum, i.e., whether vacuum, atmospheric, deasphalter bottoms, cracked tars, or blends (2) the asphaltene and metal content (3) the sulfur level and degree of desulfurization required. These feed characteristics ultimately infiuence the selection of operating temperature, hydrogen partial pressure, space velocity, and catalyst type and usage. 

Organometallic compounds in the feed are the primary cause of catalyst deactivation. The deactivation rate is influenced by feedstock characteristics, catalyst characteristics, and operating severity. 

It is also believed that nozzle life is affected by feedstock characteristics. Although the dry-feed system may be more difficult to operate at high pressures, nozzle life may be longer in the absence of large amounts of evaporating water. Deeper understanding is needed to identify the effect of feedstock preparation. 

Most resid catalysts have medium to high activity matrices with a high percentage of large pores. (Figure 1). The selection of the appropriate amount and quality of matrix activity (acid site strength and density), pore volume, and pore size distribution of the matrix are key criteria for resid catalyst selection. The selected matrix formulation depends heavily on feedstock characteristics such as aromaticity, concarbon, nitrogen and metals. Furthermore, the selection of catalyst has to take into account the optimal Z/M ratio for low dry gas and coke selectivity as well as a low SA/K number[l]. 

Feedstock Characteristics. Feedstock characteristics are presented in Table I. Results of the metal analysis will be considered in Phase II of the project. Calorific values were approximated using Dulong s formula and not actually measured. The oat straw had a lower ash content than the stover and a correspondingly higher calorific value. Calorific values, calculated on a dry basis and including the latent heat of water vapour in the products of combustion (high heat value), were 17.9 MJ/kg for the straw and 16.0 MJ/kg for the stover. 

Scurlock, J. Bioenergy feedstock characteristics. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bioenergy Feedstock Development Programs, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 http //bioenergy.ornl.gov/... 

The design of the spray drying chamber depends on the needed residence time (Table 23.12) as well as the type of atomizers nsed (Table 23.13). The mode of flow, e.g., concnrrent, counter-current, mixed flow, etc., depends on the desired characteristics of the product, as summarized in Table 23.14. Finally, Table 23.15 gives suggested spray dryer system layouts depending on the feedstock characteristics, e.g., presence of organic solvents, danger of fire or explosion, etc. 

The rate or velocity of coke formation is, first of all, a function of the feedstock characteristics. Seidel [1] reported about the tendencies of different components of heavy vacuum residues to coke formation. The following sequence shows a descending tendency to coke formation during thermal treatment ... 

Feedstock characteristics I Kuwait j naphtha Kuwait gas oil EsSider 1 vacuum distillate... 

The feedstock characteristics are indicated in Table 1. It has 33.5 vol.% of compounds with boiling point above 540°C and high content of metals, heteroatoms, asphaltenes and Conradson carbon. 

Feedstock transformation as specified. Product characteristics should be within a specified range corresponding to feedstock characteristics within a specified range, and capacity (throughput) should be within the range required for feed and for product. From the feed and product capacity may be derived the recovery, or yield of product per unit feed. Alternatively, the recovery and input or output may be stated, and the output or input respectively may be derived. ... 

The AOS composition and quality are also linked to the structure and characteristics of the processed AO, particularly, the content of parafQns and internal isomer are the feedstock characteristics that adversely affect the completeness of AO to AOS conversion as well as the composition and color of the final product. 

---