Herbarium voucher specimens

Dried plant tissue is the easiest to transport but still can require permits (as with herbarium voucher specimens) to clear customs. A small amount of the desiccant in contact with the leaf tissue in Ziploc bags or plastic bottles is recommended. Indicator desiccant is recommended to avoid possible confusion concerning the nature of the white powder. 17 Customs and agricultural inspection officials in both exiting and entrying... 

For each plant discussed, individual plants were collected and a herbarium voucher specimen was prepared. Botanical identification of the individual plants were authenticated by experts in the Laboratoiy of Pharmacognosy and Botany of the Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of the University Cheikh... 

The plant material was collected from two different localities in northern Anatolia, firstly from the vicinity of Oymalitepe village, Yomra town, Trabzon at 600 m altitude (coded as LC-T) and secondly from Bagirankaya plataeu, Ikizdere town, Rize at 2,000 m altitude (coded as LC-R) in 2001. The identification of the plant samples was carried out by Dr. Salih Terzioglu from the Department of Forest Botany, Faculty of Forestry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. The voucher specimen (GUE 2216) has been deposited at the Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. 

Salvia frigida Boiss. is a perennial plant, growing to height of 10-30 (-50) cm with pink flowers. Salvia frigida Boiss. was collected in June 2005 from Keltepe-Kocaeli-Turkey. A voucher specimen is deposited in the Herbarium of the Biology Department, University of Marmara. 

PLANT MATERIAL. - S. divinorum was cultivated by the author at home and at the Matthaei Botanical Gardens. Voucher specimens have been deposited at the University of Michigan Herbarium. 

Unfortunately, I am no longer able to supply collectors numbers for all voucher specimens that were prepared in the course of these studies. But in most instances, except for a few samples obtained from herb dealers and local markets, such specimens were deposited in the national or university herbaria in the geographical area of origin and in the Economic Botany Herbarium of the Botanical... 

An essential, and sometimes overlooked, part of plant tissue collection is the herbarium voucher. Herbarium specimen vouchers are usually obtained with field-collected material, but they are often neglected when the tissue is obtained via seeds or through an intermediate source (botanical garden, colleague, etc.). Botanical garden collections are numbered by accession, and the original voucher information (collector and number) can usually be traced in records maintained by the botanical garden. This information should be obtained and recorded, but it is also prudent to have a second voucher made at the same time as the tissue is collected. Label... 

Voucher specimens must be prepared, so save enough of the specimens, being certain they contain diagnostic features for positive identification. Vouchers should be deposited in established herbaria if they warrant it. Most herbaria probably would not have space for or desire large numbers of specimens of a single species from one locality or specimens lacking diagnostic characters. We feel it is desirable to keep vouchers for a number of years in case questions should arise about published work. Voucher specimens should be kept dry and insect-free in a special herbarium cabinet, preferably in a herbarium and perhaps at the home institution or in the care of the researcher if they are not appropriate for the herbarium. 

We acknowledge financial support from DAAD/NAPRECA, The International Foundation for Science (IFS) in association with Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) and The Inter-University Council of East Africa Research initiative (VicRes). We are also grateful to the respondents and the general community in Bukoba Rural district from where plant materials were collected. Messrs F.M. Mbago and S. Haji of the Herbarium, Botany department of the University of Dar es Salaam are thanked for identifying plant voucher specimens. 

Rao and Sharma (1990). The collected plants were identified by their vernacular names, photographed and sample specimens were collected for the preparation of herbarium and voucher specimens were deposited in the herbarium of Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai. Endemism of the species was determined by field study, herbaria and the published literatures of Ahmedullah and Nayar (1986), Nayar (1996) and Annamalai (2004). 

Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal. Voucher specimens were compared with the Herbarium of the Fundamental Institute of Black Africa, Cheikh Anta Diop (IFAN), Dakar, Senegal. 

The rules for nomenclature are ratified by international botanical congresses and are published as The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. The description by the auctor of a species is related to a certain herbarium sheet, which is called the type-specimen. If there is any doubt as to what the author meant with his specimen, it is always possible to check the type-specimen . For the same reason a phytochemical publication should always contain details of where a voucher specimen of the species studied is kept. 

Once a plant part(s) is collected, at least three herbarium samples should be prepared, and each organism concerned should be identified or authenticated by a taxonomist. One of these samples should be deposited m a local national herbarium, and the others should be deposited m a specialist museum or herbarium. All voucher specimens should be kept in an appropriate protected place for future reference A card with details of the place, altitude, environment, and characteristics of each collection should be attached to the herbarium sample, which is of vital importance in case a recollection of the plant matenal is necessary (see Note... 

A crucial aspect cf the organism collection process is to deposit voucher specimens representative cf the species collected in a central repository, such as an herbarium or a museum, so that this material can be... 

Plant material. The roots of Aster auriculatus were collected in Sichuan Province, P. R. China. A voucher specimen (880801) was identified by Prof W. Z. Song and deposited in the Herbarium of the authors Institute. 

Plant material The fruit of Randia siamensis was collected from Nakompathom Province, Thailand, in July, 1984. Authentication was achieved by comparison with herbarium specimens in the Botany Section, Technical Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Thailand. A voucher specimen of plant material has been deposited in the herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkom University. 

Plant material. The stems of D. fargesii Franch were collected in Kang county, Gansu province, China, and identified by Mr. Guo-liang Zhang. A voucher specimen is deposited in the Herbarium of the Botany Institute, Northwest Noumal University. 

Plant material The root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus was purchased from Shanghai Medicine Materia Corporation, and identified by Prof Jixian Guo of School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Medical University. A voucher specimen is deposited in the Herbarium of Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 

Plant material. The plant of /. denticulata f pirmatipartita Kitag.was collected in Dabie Mountains at Luotian county, Hubei province, China, in October 1992. /. sonchifolia Hance. was purchased from Nanjing Company of Traditional Chinese Medicine, in February 1991. Voucher specimen is deposited in the Herbarium of the Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University. 

Voucher specimens were collected and were deposited in the IBGE herbarium, Brasilia. Species lists were published in Felfili et al. (1994), Mendonga et al. (1998) and Felfili and Silva Junior (2(X)1). 

The plots vary in design, typically being square (100 x 100 m) or rectangular (20 x 500 m) all used the same minimum diameter at breast height (dbh) of 10 cm following other protocols described by Adler and Synott (1992). All sample plots adopted standard botanical practices to ensure the proper taxonomic identification of each species and the collection of a voucher specimen that was later identified by an experienced botanist with access to a modem herbarium. 

Plant Material. The seeds of Vaccaria segetalis were purchased at Shijia Zhuang, Hebei Province (China) in 1995. The botanical identification was made by Professor Xuesheng Bao (Shanghai Institute of Drug Control). A voucher specimen has been deposited at the Herbarium of the Department of Phytochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 

Grateloupia indica is abundantly available in Indian waters. This seaweed was collected during January to March at Okha (22° 28.580 N, 69° 04.254 E) coast. The voucher specimen was submitted to CSMCRI Herbarium [AL-II-105-13]. The hetero-polysaccharide samples... 

The specimen should be properly dried, labeled, and identified by competent systematists or even specialists. Photographic records are helpful and sometimes must take the place of a plant specimen in situations when endangered or threatened species are involved and populations have already been vouchered (e.g., Hawaiian Lobeliaceae). Special arrangements must be made if the voucher for the molecular systematic study is unicate and will be carried out of the country, because most foreign countries require that the first set of plant specimens be deposited at the national or a local herbarium. The herbarium in which the vouchers are deposited (see Holmgren et a/.24) should be cited in subsequent publications. 

Plants being studied as part of an ethnobotanical project need to be correctly identified with help from a botanist. In many cases, especially if the results are to be published, a sample of each species needs to be deposited as a voucher in a national herbarium and the voucher number given to each specimen quoted in publications. If plant specimens are to be transferred between countries then a Material Transfer Agreement (MTA) is needed, such agreements are sometimes needed by a herbarium even when specimens are being transferred within a country. If specimens are to be taken out of a country then an agreement should be in place that deals with the fair and... 

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