HepG2 cell

LOUKOVAARA M, CARSON M, PALOTIE A, ADLERCREUTZ H (1995) Regulation of sex hormone-binding globulin production by isoflavonoids and patterns of isoflavonoid conjugation in HepG2 cell cultures. Steroids. 60 656-61. 

Desjardins, J. P Beard, S. E. Mapoles, J. E. Gee, P. Thompson, J. A. Transcriptional activity of quinone methides derived from the tumor promoter butylated hydroxytoluene in HepG2 cells. Cancer Lett. 1998, 131, 201-207. 

C1. Cabin, D. E and Buchman, T. G., Molecular biology of circulatory shock. Part HI. Human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells demonstrate two patterns of shock-induced gene expression that are independent, exclusive, and prioritized. Surgery 108,902-912 (1990). 

Liu J, Shen HM, Ong CN. Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Cancer Lett 2000 153 85-93. 

Researchers focused on the metabolically competent human hepatoma cell line HepG2 as a model of human liver. HepG2 cells are a well-known hepatoma cell line that retains many of the morphological characteristics of liver parenchymal cells. This model is often used as a useful tool for HRA/ERA-oriented chemical risk assessment due to the expression of antioxidant and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (in particular phase I and phase II enzymes responsible for the bioactivation/detoxification of various xenobiotics) that can be induced or inhibited by dietary and non-dietary agents [28-30]. 

Fig. 4 Leachate toxicity effects of whole leachate (a), aqueous/hydrophilic phase (b) and organic/lipophilic phase (c) on HepG2 cells (modified from [17])...

Liver cells, HepG2, could also be encapsulated in the PMBV/PVA hydrogel, and the cell-specific functions were evaluated. HepG2 cells secrete albumin during cell culture. Culture supernatants were collected and albumin content measured using... 

A cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay for quantifying the antioxidant activity of phytochemicals, food extracts, and dietary supplements has been developed by Wolfe and Liu (2007). The method measures the ability of compounds to prevent the formation of dichlorofluorescein (DCF) by ABAP-generated peroxyl radicals in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. The decrease in cellular fluorescence when compared to the control cells indicates the antioxidant capacity of the compounds. The method... 

Salleh MN, Runnie I, Roach, PD, Mohamed S and Abeywardena MY. 2002. Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation and up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor in HepG2 cells by tropical plant extracts. J Agric Food Chem 50(13) 3693-3697. 

As described earlier, superoxide is a well-proven participant in apoptosis, and its role is tightly connected with the release of cytochrome c. It has been proposed that a switch from the normal four-electron reduction of dioxygen through mitochondrial respiratory chain to the one-electron reduction of dioxygen to superoxide can be an initial event in apoptosis development. This proposal was supported by experimental data. Thus, Petrosillo et al. [104] have shown that mitochondrial-produced oxygen radicals induced the dissociation of cytochrome c from bovine heart submitochondrial particles supposedly via cardiolipin peroxidation. Similarly, it has been found [105] that superoxide elicited rapid cytochrome c release in permeabilized HepG2 cells. In contrast, it was also suggested [106] that it is the release of cytochrome c that inhibits mitochondrial respiration and stimulates superoxide production. 

Holleran AL, Lindenthal B, Aldaghlas TA, Kelleher JK (1998) Effect of tamoxifen on cholesterol synthesis in HepG2 cells and cultured rat hepatocytes. Metabolism 47( 12) 1504—1513... 

Kostner investigated the affinity of Lp(a) to hepatic cells (HepG2 and Hep3B) and detected an increased affinity of the LDL-receptor to LDL after incubation with apo(a) or Lp(a). Co-incubation with LDL caused a significant increase of Lp(a) degradation by HepG2 cells in a hitch-hike like process (K31). 

Three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis for in vitro toxicity of chlorophenols to HepG2 cells Y. Liu, J.N. Chen, J.S. Zhao, H.X. Yu, X.D. Wang, J. Jiang, H.J. Jin, J.F. Zhang and L.S. Wang... 

Liang, J. S., et al.. Overexpression of the tumor autocrine motility factor receptor Gp78, a ubiquitin protein ligase, results in increased ubiqui-tinylation and decreased secretion of apohpoprotein BlOO in HepG2 cells. / Biol Chem, 2003, 278(26), 23984-8. 

It has also been proposed that CPP are taken up by clathrin-independent mechanisms such as caveolin-mediated endocytosis (100). TAT-containing liposomes were colocalized with caveolin 1, a marker for caveolar endocytosis, but not with markers for clathrin (101). An inhibitor of caveolin and nystatin reduced TAT peptide reporter in HepG2 and CHO cells by 50% (80). However, it was pointed out by Brooks et al. that HepG2 cell lines do not contain caveolin 1 (102,103). The caveolin pathways relevance to CPP uptake may depend on the cell type because nystatin inhibits... 

Saitoh H, Pu R, Cavenagh M, Dasso M (1997) RanBP2 associates with Ubc9p and a modified form of RanGAPl. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 3736-3741 Sakata N, Stoops JD, Dixon JL (1999) Cytosolic components are required for protea-somal degradation of newly synthesized apolipoprotein B in permeabilized HepG2 cells. J Biol Chem 274 17068-17074... 

Metabolic competence of HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cells depends on the source and culture conditions. They have both Phase I and II metabolizing enzymes. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are found in much lower levels in HepG2 cells than in primary human hepatocytes but many of these enzymes are inducible, including CYPlAl, 1A2, 2B6, 2E1 and 3A4. The latter metabolizes approximately 50% of drugs currently on the market [32]. 

Westerink, W.M.A. and Schoonen, W.G.E.J. (2007) Cytochrome P450 enzyme levels in HepG2 cells and cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes and their induction in HepG2 cells. Toxicology In Vitro, 21, 1581-1591. 

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