Hemagglutinin neuraminidase

Watowich, S., Morimoto, R.I., Lamb, R.A. (1991). Flux of the paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein through the endoplasmic reticulum activates transcription of the grp78-Bip gene. J. Virol. 65, 3690-3697. 

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase has /3-propeller topology like NA from influenza A Rubulavirus Simian parainfluenza virus 5 Vertebrates... 

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) (Crennell etal, le8u, lg5g... 

Negative-strand RNA viruses, 158-163 ebola virus matrix protein/ glycoprotein, 162-163 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and, 162 influenza A and, 158-163 Ml and, 161 Ms and, 161-162 neuraminidase and, 161 paramyxovirus fusion protein and, 162 Neuraminidase, negative-strand RNA viruses and, 161... 

Brown EG, Dimock K, Wright KE. The Urabe AM9 mumps vaccine is a mixture of viruses differing at amino acid 335 of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene with one form associated with disease. J Infect Dis 1996 174(3) 619-22. 

Studies with simian viral hemagglutinin neuraminidase and yeast acid phosphatase suggest that AT-glycans are needed for proper folding of glycoproteins... 

Castanospermine has been screened for efficacy against simian immunodeficiency virus (265), and has been shown to prevent syncytium formation in feline astrocyte cultures infected with the feline immimodeficiency virus by modifying the viral cell envelope (266). It suppressed syncytium formation and hemolytic activity in baby hamster kidney cells infected with Newcastle disease virus however, synthesis and cell surface expression of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein in the viral envelope were not affected, which strengthens the hypothesis that poor transport of the parent alkaloid across membrane barriers may limit its therapeutic use (267). Both 239 and its 6-0-butanoyl ester had comparable relative toxicities and antiviral effects on Rauscher murine leukemia virus (268), but the ester was more potent than the parent alkaloid in inhibiting replication of Moloney murine leukemia virus (258). The ester was also active against herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (269,270). In the latter case, conclusive evidence was provided for intracellular hydrolysis to 239. 

S. Crennell, T. Takimoto, A. Portner, and G. Taylor, Crystal structure of the multifunctional paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, Nat. Struct. Biol., 1 (2000) 1068-1074. 

Triton X-100 extracts of Sendai virus and several strains of the closely related Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were subjected to SEC. The elution patterns are shown in Fig. 3. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the tetramer and the dimer of the Sendai virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein (272 and 136 kDa, respectively) and the monomeric fusion (F) protein (65 kDa) were present in peaks 1, 2, and 3, respectively. These peaks are followed by an extremely large peak that contains Triton X-100 micelles. The elution patterns of the other viruses show that there are notable differences when they are compared with that of Sendai virus. In some cases, for example, the strains La Sota and Texas, the most prominent protein eluting from the column is an HN monomer. In other cases, multimeric forms of the HN protein that differ from Sendai HN protein were eluted (strains Mukteswar, Florida, and Herts). 

Figure 3 HPSEC of a Triton X-100 extract ot purified Sendai and Newcastle disease virions. Virus was grown in 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs and purified and extracted as described [5]. A TSK 4000SW (600 x 7.5 mm ID) column was eiuted with 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.5, containing 0.1% SDS. Samples were boiled for 2 min in 4% SDS prior to chromatography. The flow rate was 1 mL/min and the absorbance was monitored at 280 nm. 1, Tetramer of the hemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) protein of Sendai virus 2, dimer of HN 3, Sendai virus fusion protein F , Triton X-100.

Receptor interaction of these vimses is mediated by the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein, a type II integral membrane protein with an N-terminal cytoplasmic tail, a transmembrane domain, a membrane-proximal stalk domain, and a large C-terminal globular head domain that contains the sites responsible for hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities. HN forms tetramers that are present as spikes on the surface of the vims particles (see [131]). 

Yuan P, Thompson TB, Wurzburg BA, Paterson RG, Lamb RA, Jardetzky TS (2005) Structural studies of the parainfluenza vims 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase tetramer in complex with its receptor, sialyllactose. Stmeture 13 803-815... 

Alymova IV, Taylor G, Mishin VP, Watanabe M, Murti KG, Boyd K, Chand P, Babu YS, Portner A (2008) Loss of the N-linked glycan at residue 173 of human parainfluenza vims type 1 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase exposes a second recephu-binding site. J Virol 82 8400-8410... 

Colman PM, Hoyne PA, Lawrence MC (1993) Sequence and structure alignment of paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase with influenza virus neuraminidase. J Virol 67 2972-2980... 

Figure 1. Dendrogram of sialidase sequences showing the large sequence variation of this superfamily. HN = hemagglutinin-neuraminidase. Percentage identity is shown to the left.

Gorman, W. L., Takahashi, T, Scroggs, R. A., and Portner, A., 1991, Identification of amino acid positions associated with neuraminidase activity of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Sendai virus. Virology 180 803-806. 

Henrickson, K. J., and Savatski, L. L., 1992, Genetic variation and evolution of human parainfluenza virus type 1 hemagglutinin neuraminidase Analysis of 12 clinical isolates, J. Infect. Dis. 166 995-1005. 

Hiebert, S. W., Peterson, R. G., and Lamb, R. A., 1985, Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 Nucleotide sequence of the mRNA predicts an N-terminal membrane anchor, J. Virol. 54 1-6. 

Jorgensen, E. D., Collins, P. L., and lomedico, P. T., 1987, Cloning and nucleotide sequence of Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase mRNA Identification of a putative sialic acid binding site. Virology 156 12-24. 

Miura, N., Nakatani, Y., Ishiura, M., Uchida, T., and Okada, Y., 1985, Molecular cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Sendai virus, FEBS Lett. 188 112-116. 

Nagy, E., Derbyshire, J. B., Dobos, P., and Krell, P. J., 1990, Cloning and expression of NDV hemagglutinin-neuraminidase cDNA in a Baculovirus expression vector system. Virology 176 426-438. 

Sheehan, J. P., and lorio, R. M., 1992, A single acid substitution in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of Newcastle disease virus results in a protein deficient in both functions. Virology 189 778-781. 

Takahashi, T., Ryan, K. W., and Portner, A., 1992, Expression of cDNA encoding the Sendai virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene Characterization of wild-type mutant gene products. Virology 187 837-840. 

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