Hemagglutination virus inhibition

M. Mammen, G. Dahmann, and G. M. Whitesides, Effective inhibitors of hemagglutination by Influenza Virus synthesized from polymers having active ester groups. Insight into mechanisms of inhibition, /. Med. Chem., 38 (1995) 4179-4190. 

This cooperative effect of several ligands at the surface of a liposome was recently demonstrated by the inhibition of agglutination of erythrocytes (natural vesicles covered with sialic acids) with the influenza virus by means of sialyl gangliosides. The lowest concentration of sialyl derivatives required for the inhibition was found to be 10 pM in solution whereas it was 20 nM at the surface of a vesicle. Actually, arrays of sialic acid at the surface of liposomes were found to be moderately more effective than sialic acid groups linked to a soluble polymer but as good or better than the best known naturd inhibitors of hemagglutination (i.e. mucins and macroglobulins) [150]. 

Sendai virus, like other myxo- and paramyxovirus, has surface glycoprotein spikes which adsorb to specific receptors on erythrocytes of most mammalian and fowl species and cause hemagglutination. The receptors on erythrocyte membranes contain neuraminic acid, as indicated by the fact that they are destroyed by neuraminidase. Haywood (3 ) demonstrated that liposomes containing gangliosides could inhibit the agglutination of erythro-... 

Rubella Virus. Antibody to rubella virus is currently detected in most laboratories by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Since there are relatively few people in the normal population who do not have antibody to this virus, 20 sera which were negative by HI were tested by RIA, in addition to the 100 sera from source A. A comparison between the HI and RIA showed almost complete agreement in distinguishing positive from negative sera (99% see Table III). A comparison of the titers obtained by these two tests gave a correlation coefficient of 0.30 and p<0.05 that this coefficient differs from zero by chance alone. One reason for the poorer correlation between the titers of these two tests is that they may be de-... 

A Comparison of Rubella Virus Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) and Magnetic Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Tests... 

The biological activity of acid mucopolysaccharides is discussed in Section 9. They are instrumental in hemagglutination inhibition of viruses, in enhancing virulence of bacteria (S25-S27), and in antilipemic (Cl, C2, P4) and lipotropic activity (C4). They were also reported to have strong antipeptic activity (K21, K24) which we (unpublished) found, however, to be rather low. 

Hemagglutination by heat-treated, influenza virus is inhibited by a number of sialoproteins present in serum and animal secretions. ... 

These are distinguishable from the thermolabile inhibitors of serum (such as properdin) by their relative stability to heat. The capacity of these sialoproteins to inhibit hemagglutination is rapidly lost on incubation with the virus, with the simultaneous release of a low molecular-weight compound—the so-called split product. Evidently, the inhibitors are capable of acting as substrates (for the viral enzyme) alternative to the natural cell receptors. 

HIA HIV-1 HOBt HSA ITC Lac MALDI-Tof MAES Man MD MS Hemagglutination inhibition assay A human immunodeficiency virus Hydroxybenzotriazole Human serum albumin Isothermal titration calorimetry Lactose (Gaipi-4Glc) Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-lime of flight Multiangle light scattering Mannose Molecular dynamics Mass spectrometry... 

Assays based on measurements of specialized functions and viral products For viruses that do not form plaques or induce CPE in cell cultures. Determination of virus specific parameters, e.g., hemagglutination and hemadsorption tests, inhibition of cell transformation and immunological tests detecting antiviral antigens in cell cultures. Reduction or inhibition of the synthesis of virus specific polypeptides in infected cell cultures, e.g., viral nucleic acids, viral genome copy numbers or the uptake of radio labeled precursors. 

HHS US Department of Health and Human Services HI hemagglutination-inhibition HIV human immunodeficiency virus HMMWV high-mobility, multipurpose, wheeled vehicle HPLC-MS high-performance liquid chromatography-mass... 

Hemagglutination inhibition test Serologic test used to diagnose measles, influenza, and other viral diseases, based on the abih-ty of antibodies to viruses to prevent viral hemagglutination. 

---