Heat test methods

Therefore, an alternative test method, such as heating at 80 °C for 2 h, an alkali modified Coomassie-dye assay (e.g. Boyes et al. 1997), or the more recently available reagent based test kits such as Proteotest or Prostab, could present an opportunity to decrease bentonite dose and reduce volume of wine occluded in bentonite lees if confirmed to predict more accurately haze formation in wine. If these alternative test methods could replace the current heat test method of 80 °C for 6 h, this would also reduce the amount of time and/or effort presently required by a winery s laboratory to conduct heat stability testing. 

Specifications and test methods for home-heating oil (in France, FOD) (see AFNOR information document M 15-008). 

With this testing method an evaluation is possible within shortest time, i.e. directly after the heat impulse. The high temperature difference between a delamination and sound material is affected - among other parameters - by the thickness of the layer. Other parameters are size and stage of the delamination Generally, a high surface temperature refers to a small wall thickness and/or layer separation [4],... 

Tunnel Test. The tunnel test is widely used to test the flame spread potential of building products such as electrical cable (15) and wall coverings (16). The test apparatus consists of a tunnel 7.62 x 0.445 m x 0.305 m ia cross section, one end of which contains two gas burners. The total heat suppHed by the burners is 5.3 MJ/min. The test specimen (7.62 m x 50.8 cm), attached to the ceiling, is exposed to the gas flames for 10 minutes while the maximum flame spread, temperature, and smoke evolved are measured. The use of this and other flame spread test methods has been reviewed (17). 

Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Ratesfor Materials and Products, ASTM E906-83, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 1983 (updated periodically). 

MSTM E162, Test Method for Suface Elammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Ene/ Source., Vol. 4.07, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 1987. 

There are many ways to measure these properties and some of them are proprietary. However, most laboratory tests are standardized by American Standard Testing Methods (ASTM). Many of them are interactive to various degrees. The rate and state of vulcanization is especially important to consider for components of heavier and thicker tines. The heat used to vulcanize the tine in a mold under pressure requites time to penetrate from both sides of the giant tine to the innermost portions. Securing a balanced state of cure, ie, the maximizing of physical properties in all the components, results in the innermost components having a faster rate of cure. The peripheral compounds should have a cure system which holds its physical properties well when overcured. 

Analytical Methods. Most of the analytical and testing methods used for ethyl ether are conventional laboratory methods. Ethyl ether that is to be used for anesthetic purposes or in processes that involve heating or distiHation must be peroxide-free, and should pass the USP standard test with potassium iodide. This test detects approximately 0.001% peroxide as hydrogen peroxide. 

Two particular test methods have become very widely used. They are the Vicat softening point test (VSP test) and the heat deflection temperature under load test (HDT test) (which is also widely known by the earlier name of heat distortion temperature test). In the Vicat test a sample of the plastics material is heated at a specified rate of temperature increase and the temperature is noted at which a needle of specified dimensions indents into the material a specified distance under a specified load. In the most common method (method A) a load of ION is used, the needle indentor has a cross-sectional area of 1 mm, the specified penetration distance is 1 mm and the rate of temperature rise is 50°C per hour. For details see the relevant standards (ISO 306 BS 2782 method 120 ASTM D1525 and DIN 53460). (ISO 306 describes two methods, method A with a load of ION and method B with a load of SON, each with two possible rates of temperature rise, 50°C/h and 120°C/h. This results in ISO values quoted as A50, A120, B50 or B120. Many of the results quoted in this book predate the ISO standard and unless otherwise stated may be assumed to correspond to A50.)... 

Property Units General purpose Medium shock High shock Electrical low loss Acid resistant Minimum odour Heat resistant BS 2782 test method... 

Personal eye-protection - Optical test methods. Partially superseded BS 2092 1987 Personal eye-protection - Non-optical test methods. Partially superseded BS 2092 1987 AMD 1 Personal protection - Equipment for eye and face protection during welding and allied processes (AMD 9902) dated January 1998. Superseded BS 1542 1982 AMD 3 Gas heated catering equipment. Safety requirements (AMD 10573J dated December 1999. Superseded BS 5314... 

Figure 12-7. Simplified scenario of a thermal runaway. (Source T. Hoppe and B. Grob, Heat flow calorimetry as a testing method for preventing runaway reactions," Int. Symp. on Runaway Reactions, OCRS, AlChE, March 7-9, 1989.)...

The Canadian Standards Association Standard Z343 (CSA 1998) presents test methods for in-line and firebox flame arresters. In this standard in-line flame arresters are limited to only detonation types and firebox flame arresters are defined as flame arresters installed in an enclosnre, or system of enclosnres, where the mn-np distance is less than 1.5 meters and open to the atmosphere. Firebox flame arresters are commonly nsed on eqnip-ment designed to heat flnids in prodnction operations snch as indirect heaters, emnlsion treaters, and glycol dehydrators. The development history of this standard is presented in Section 2.3.2. 

A similar unit, modified in details such as location of condenser, use of an agitator and shape of the vessel, was used by Fisher and Whitney . Further substantial modifications to permit interface location of specimens, cooling of specimens and operation under applied pressure, have been described by Fisher . Earlier laboratory test methods tried by Fisher and Whitney included exposure of specimens heated by their own electrical resistance and of tubular specimens containing a pencil-type resistance-wire heater in a quartz tube. 

The considerations applicable to corrosion test methods also apply to tests for inhibited products. The metals and alloys used, their surface preparation, the temperature, flow rate, composition of the test medium, the presence of heat transfer, and so on, must all be relevant to the proposed use of the inhibited product. As with other test methods there are those tests... 

D 2688 1983 Test method for corrosivity of water in the absence of heat transfer (weight loss methods)... 

Test method for corrosion of cast aluminium alloys in engine coolants under heat-transfer conditions... 

Test method Experimental conditions Sample mass Initial exotherm detected, K Adiabatic temperature increase, K Heat of reaction, J/g... 

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