Hazards California

CAL 133. California Technical Bulletin 133 is a test of the fire hazard associated with upholstered furniture (22). The test is carried out by igniting a standard fire source directiy on the piece of furniture being tested. In the most recent version of the test, the fire source is a gas flame. Smoke, heat, and toxic gas emissions are measured dufing the test. A related test, BS 5852, uses various wooden cribs as the fire source (23). 

C. C. Haun and E. R. Kiokead, Chronic Inhalation Toxicity ofHydra ne, University of California, Irviue, Toxic Hazards Research Unit, Dayton, Ohio, Jan. 1975. 

California and Minnesota have placed restrictions on the disposal of fluorescent light tubes, which contain from 40—50 mg of mercury per tube, depending on size. After batteries, fluorescent lamps are the second largest contributor of mercury in soHd waste streams in the United States (3,14). A California law classifies the disposal of 25 or more fluorescent lamp tubes as hazardous waste. In Minnesota, all waste lamps generated from commercial sources are considered hazardous waste. Private homes are, however, exempt from the law (14). Other states have proposed similar regulations. Several companies have developed technologies for recovering mercury from spent lamps (14). 

Hazardous Waste Reduction Checklist and Assessment Manualfor the Metal FinishingJndusty, California Department of Health Services, Alternative Technology Division, Toxic Substances Control Program, Sacramento, Calif., 1990. 

Health and Safety Code, Chap. 6.95, Art. 2, Hazardous Materials Management, State of California, Sacramento, Calif., 1986 Sect. 25531, RJsk Management and Prevention Program, 1987. 

Isman, W.E., and Carlson, G.P (1980) Hazardous Materials, Glencoe, Encmo, California. 

Meidl, J.H. (1978) Elammable Hazardous Materials, Glencoe, Encino, California. 

M. Dollah-Kaiian, 2.H. Mustaffa, and 2. Abidin, Safety System Management for Design of Hazardous Tecluiologies, School of Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA, 1988. 

EPA. 1987e. Land disposal restrictions for certain California list hazardous wastes and modifications to the framework. Federal Register 52 25760-25767. 

Reports of occupational diseases sent to the California Department of Public Health reveal strikingly that it is one world so far as hazards to health among occupational groups are concerned. The same chemical may cause illness to the factory worker who manufactures it, to the truckers and stevedores who handle and transport it, to the farmer who uses the material, to the packers and canners of the food treated with it, and to the person who consumes the foods that may be contaminated with it. 

The number of industrial-waste injection wells more than doubled between 1967 and 1986.3 In 1986, Class I injection wells were concentrated in two states, Texas (112 wells) and Louisiana (70 wells), which between them had a total of 69% of all wells (263 wells). Growth from 1984 to 1986 was concentrated in Texas, with a 38% increase from 81 to 112 wells. The only other states to show a significant increase from 1984 to 1986 were Indiana (13 proposed wells) and California (7 proposed wells). Nine states had had industrial-waste injection wells in the past but did not have any permitted Class I wells in 1986 (Alabama, Colorado, Iowa, Mississippi, Nevada, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Wyoming). One state (Washington) had a Class I well in 1986, but no record of industrial wastewater injection before that year. The total number of industrial-waste injection wells increased to 300 at the end of the 1990s and beginning of this century, approximately 100 Class I hazardous waste injection wells and about 200 Class I wells that hold nonhazardous waste.1-18... 

California EPA, Public Health Goal for Methyl Tert Butyl Ether (MTBE) in Drinking Water, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Sacramento, CA. Available at http //www.oehha.ca.gov/ water/phg/allphgs.html, 1999. 

An example of the effects of waste settlement can be illustrated by a recent incident at a hazardous waste landfill facility in California.5 At this facility, waste settlement led to sliding of the waste, causing the standpipes (used to monitor secondary leachate collection sumps) to move 60-90 ft downslope in 1 day. Because there was a very low coefficient of friction between the primary liner and the geonet, the waste (which was deposited in a canyon) slid down the canyon. There was also a failure zone between the secondary liner and the clay. A two-dimensional slope stability analysis at the site indicated a factor of safety (FS) greater than 1. A three-dimensional slope stability analysis, however, showed that the safety factor had dropped below one. Three-dimensional slope stability analyses should therefore be considered with canyon and trench landfills. 

Berteau, P.E. and Mengle, D.M. (1985) An Assessment of the Hazard from Pesticide Absorption from Surfaces, Community Toxicology Unit, California Department of Health Services, Berkeley, May 17, 1985. 

McKone TE (1993) CalTOX, a multimedia total exposure model for hazardous-waste sites. Part I. Executive summary. A report written for The Office of Scientific Affairs Department of Toxic Substances Control California Environmental Protection Agency Sacramento, California by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore... 

NIOSH. 1980. Health hazard evaluation determination report no. 79-36-656, Bell Helmets, Inc., Norwalk, California. Cincinnati, OH U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NTIS No. PB80-163181. 

Ellison earned a master of science in chemistry from the University of California, Irvine. His graduate research involved methods to synthesize poisons extracted from Colombian poison dart frogs. He has a bachelor of science in chemistry from the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is a member of the American Chemical Society and Federation of American Scientists. In addition to his works on weapons of mass destruction, he is the author of a chapter on the hazardous properties of materials in the sixth edition of the Handbook on Hazardous Materials Management, a textbook published in 2002 by the Institute of Hazardous Materials Management. 

Pattee, O.H., P.H. Bloom, J.M. Scott, and M.R. Smith. 1990. Lead hazards within the range of the California condor. Condor 92 931-937. 

Hegdal, P.L., K.A. Fagerstone, T.A. Gatz, J.F. Glahn, and G.H. Matschke. 1986. Hazards to wildlife associated with 1080 baiting for California ground squirrels. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 14 11-21. 

EDM Services Inc., Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Risk Assessment. California State Fire Marshal, Sacramento, CA, 1993. 

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