Waste vitrification

Example Optimization of an Eleven Component Glass Formulation. Piepel (6) discussed the generation and analysis of a mixture design consisting of eleven oxides used to prepare glasses for waste vitrification. Although many responses must be considered for the end use of this composition, the intent of Piepel s study was to minimize the response of leachability subject to the compositional constraints of ... 

Waste treatment processes. See also Hazardous waste management Radioactive waste management Solid waste management for radioactive waste, 25 853-854 titanium-related, 25 64-65 Waste vitrification process, 12 616 Wastewater, 9 443. See also Effluent treatment... 

Worldwide, there are numerous plasma system designs for treatment of all types of wastes. Economical considerations limit their commercial applications to the most profitable actions. Presently they commercially operate in Switzerland and Germany for low level nuclear waste vitrification, in France and the USA for asbestos waste vitrification, in the USA and Australia for hazardous waste treatment, in Japan and France for municipal fly ash vitrification. The most of installations is working in Japan because there 70% of municipal waste is incinerated and the ash can not be used as landfill. EU Regulations banning the disposal to landfill of toxic and hazardous wastes after year 2002 may cause wider use of plasma waste destruction technology in Europe. 

T0306 Ferro Corporation, Waste Vitrification Through Electric Melting... 

T0306 Ferro Corporation, Waste Vitrification through Electric Melting T0307 Filter Flow Technology, Inc., Colloid-Polishing Filter Method T0313 Forrester Environmental Services, Inc., Heavy-Metal Stabilization... 

Roderick, J. M., Holland, D. Scales, C. R. 2000. Characterization and radiation resistance of a mixed-alkali borosilicate glass for high level waste vitrification. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 608, 721-726. 

The additional energy input needed for waste vitrification technologies, compared to conventional incinerators that even recover residual energy, may be considered detrimental to the net energy balance of the complete path resource — waste . However, this additional energy requirement can also be considered as the additional price to pay for the efficient exploitation of natural resources. To be sustainable, HT materials should fulfil the following requirements ... 

Mendel, J. E., Palmer, C. R., and Eschback, E. A., "Preliminary Assessment of Potential Effects of Alternate Fuel Cycles on High-Level Waste Vitrification Processing," Symposium on Waste Management and Fuel Cycles 78," Edited by R.G. Post and M. E. Wacks, Tucson, AZ, March (1978). 

The successful operating record and experience gained with AVM allowed the start-up of a commercial-scale, high level waste vitrification plant in France. These similar facilities, R7 and T7, are on line at the La Hague reprocessing plant. R7 was commissioned in 1989 and T7 in 1992. 

Routine aerial discharges from waste vitrification product and the vitrified product store are very low, being less than 3% of the current site authorized limits. Liquid discharges are minimal. 

Wiese, H. and Demonie, M., Operation of the Pamela high-level waste vitrification facility, Nuclear Engineering and Design 137 (1992) 147-151. 

Ewest, E. and Wiese, H. (1988), High Level Liquid Waste Vitrification with the Pamela Plant in Belgium, Nuclear Power Performance and Safety lAEA-CN-48/177. 

Remote (standoff) LIBS systems have been built by Applied Photonics Ltd. with a range capability of >100 m for defense departments. They also built a transportable standoff LIBS with a 20 m range to characterize radioactive materials in a hot cell at the Sellafield, UK, high-level nuclear waste vitrification plant by directing the laser beam through the lead-glass window of the cell. LIBS is an excellent tool for remote and in situ detection of uranium oxide fuel located in hard-to-reach... 

JOUAN, A., et al. The Development of Nuclear Waste Vitrification in France. Waste Management 95, Tucson (Febr. 1995)... 

S. L. Owens, A. Morgan and R. Field. Integrated simulation of waste vitrification plant—From atomistic derivation of melt properties to a prediction of melter lifetime and melt mixing. In Proceedings of 7th World Congress of Chemical Engineering, 2005. 

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