Hazardous reactions with sodium

Flammable liquid a dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Will react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. Vigorous reaction with sodium cyanide. To fight fire, use water, foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of C1-. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 6.1 Label Poison SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by intramuscular route. Mutation data reported. Acute symptoms of exposure are headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness and stupor, cyanosis and methemoglobinemia. Chronic exposure can cause liver damage. Experimental reproductive effects. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. See NITRATES for explosion and disaster hazards. To fight fire, use water spray or mist, foam, dry chemical, CO2. Vigorous reaction with sulfuric acid above 200°C. Reaction with sodium hydroxide at 130°C under pressure may produce the explosive sodium-4-nitrophenoxide. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also m-NITROANILINE, o-NITROANILINE, NITRO COMPOUNDS OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, and ANILINE DYES. 

Under the appropriate conditions it undergoes hazardous reactions with Al, tert-butyl azido formate, 2,4-hexadiyn-l,6-diol, isopropyl alcohol, K, Na, sodium azide, hexafluoroisopropylideneamino lithium, lithium. When heated to decomposition or on contact with water or steam it will react to produce toxic and corrosive fumes of CO and Cr. Caution-. Arrangements should be made for monitoring its use. 

Phosgene reacts, sometimes violently, with a large number of common inorganic (Chapter 9) and organic (Chapter 10) substances. Hazardous reactions with lithium, sodium, potassium, aluminium, lithium amide, hexa-2,4-diyn-l, 6-diol, propan-2-ol, and hexafluoropropene have been mentioned specifically [1787]. Mixtures of potassium and phosgene are reported to explode when subjected to shock [1913a]. In addition, phosgene... 

EXPLOSION and FIRE CONCERNS noncombustible gas NFPA rating Health 4, Flammability 0, Reactivity 1 hazardous reactions with aluminum, potassium, sodium, and lithium reacts violently with sodium azide, isopropyl aleohol, tert-butyl azido formate, hexadiyn-1,6-diol, and hexfluoroisopropylideneamino lithium emits toxic and corrosive fumes of carbon monoxide and chlorine when heated to decomposition or on contact with water or steam use water spray or neutralize with sodium hydroxide or anhydrous ammonia for firefighting purposes. 

Precaution Incompat. with fluorine, sodium potassium alloy may undergo hazardous reaction with boron, magnesium, or titanium Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated above 750 F, dec. to yield highly toxic fumes of F ... 

Supported Ln(0Tf)3-Si02 triflate catalyst affords a facile and atom economical synthesis of 5-substituted IH-tetrazoles from various aromatic/heteroaromatic nitriles in the reaction with sodium azide (Equation (8.66)) [140]. This protocol enables the cycloaddition process in a shorter time, eliminating the hazards of direct use of hydrazoic acid with an enhancement of yield, separation, and reusability of the catalyst. 

Precaution incandescent reaction on heating with potassium chiorate reaction with sodium hypochiorite gives the unstabie expiosive nitrogen trichioride Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits very toxic fumes of NO, NH3, and SC ... 

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water Reacts slowly to generate hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid). The reaction is not hazardous Reactivity with Common Materials Corrodes metal slowly Stability During Transport Stable Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Flush with water, rinse with sodium bicarbonate or lime solution Polymerization Not pertinent Inhibitor of Polymerization Not pertinent. 

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water A slow, non-hazardous reaction occurs, forming propanolamine Reactivity with Common Materials No reactions Stability During Transport The product is stable if it is kept in contact with solid caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Dilute with water and rinse with vinegar solution Polymerization This material will polymerize explosively when in contact with any acid Inhibitor of Potymerization Solid sodium hydroxide (caustic soda). 

With a common intermediate from the Medicinal Chemistry synthesis now in hand in enantiomerically upgraded form, optimization of the conversion to the amine was addressed, with particular emphasis on safety evaluation of the azide displacement step (Scheme 9.7). Hence, alcohol 6 was reacted with methanesul-fonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine to afford a 95% yield of the desired mesylate as an oil. Displacement of the mesylate using sodium azide in DMF afforded azide 7 in around 85% assay yield. However, a major by-product of the reaction was found to be alkene 17, formed from an elimination pathway with concomitant formation of the hazardous hydrazoic acid. To evaluate this potential safety hazard for process scale-up, online FTIR was used to monitor the presence of hydrazoic acid in the head-space, confirming that this was indeed formed during the reaction [7]. It was also observed that the amount of hydrazoic acid in the headspace could be completely suppressed by the addition of an organic base such as diisopropylethylamine to the reaction, with the use of inorganic bases such as... 

Greer JS, Griwatz GH. 1980, Ultimate disposal of hazardous materials by reaction with liquid sodium. Control of Hazardous Material Spills, Proceedings of the 1980 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills 1 416-20. 

The collected papers of a symposium at Dallas, April 1956, cover all aspects of the handling, use and hazards of lithium, sodium, potassium, their alloys, oxides and hydrides, in 19 chapters [1], Interaction of all 5 alkali metals with water under various circumstances has been discussed comparatively [2], In a monograph covering properties, preparation, handling and applications of the enhanced reactivity of metals dispersed finely in hydrocarbon diluents, the hazardous nature of potassium dispersions, and especially of rubidium and caesium dispersions is stressed [3], Alkaline-earth metal dispersions are of relatively low hazard. Safety practices for small-scale storage, handling, heating and reactions of lithium potassium and sodium with water are reviewed [4],... 

An analogous series of reactions is involved when sodium borohydride is used as the reducing agent. Sodium borohydride is considerably less reactive than LAH, and reactions proceed much more slowly. This reagent may be used in alcoholic or even aqueous solution, so there are no particular hazards associated with its use. 

Azidoformic esters such as 342 react with Cgg in a [2-tl] addition (Scheme 4.70), if the temperature is high enough to induce the loss of nitrogen prior to addition, otherwise a [3-1-2] addition can be observed (Section 4.3.2) [172, 395, 397]. Typical conditions include heating of the mixture in solvents such as tetrachloroethane [395, 397, 398], chloronaphfhalene [397] or toluene [396] at 110-160 °C. These conditions also afford multiple addition products [172]. To avoid potential hazard during purification of the azido formiates, they were also generated in situ in one pot by the reaction of chloro-formic ester with sodium azide [396]. 

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