Hazardous reactions with lithium

Phosgene reacts, sometimes violently, with a large number of common inorganic (Chapter 9) and organic (Chapter 10) substances. Hazardous reactions with lithium, sodium, potassium, aluminium, lithium amide, hexa-2,4-diyn-l, 6-diol, propan-2-ol, and hexafluoropropene have been mentioned specifically [1787]. Mixtures of potassium and phosgene are reported to explode when subjected to shock [1913a]. In addition, phosgene... 

SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by skin contact and inhalation. A skin and severe eye irritant. Mutation data reported. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame can react with oxidizers. Used in Kthium batteries. Potentially explosive reaction with lithium... 

Under the appropriate conditions it undergoes hazardous reactions with Al, tert-butyl azido formate, 2,4-hexadiyn-l,6-diol, isopropyl alcohol, K, Na, sodium azide, hexafluoroisopropylideneamino lithium, lithium. When heated to decomposition or on contact with water or steam it will react to produce toxic and corrosive fumes of CO and Cr. Caution-. Arrangements should be made for monitoring its use. 

EXPLOSION and FIRE CONCERNS noncombustible gas NFPA rating Health 4, Flammability 0, Reactivity 1 hazardous reactions with aluminum, potassium, sodium, and lithium reacts violently with sodium azide, isopropyl aleohol, tert-butyl azido formate, hexadiyn-1,6-diol, and hexfluoroisopropylideneamino lithium emits toxic and corrosive fumes of carbon monoxide and chlorine when heated to decomposition or on contact with water or steam use water spray or neutralize with sodium hydroxide or anhydrous ammonia for firefighting purposes. 

Precaution Flamm. very dangerous fire hazard exposed to heat or flame incompat. with acids (may form peroxides), oxidizers (may react vigorously and increase risk of fire/explosion) potentially explosive reaction with lithium perchlorate... 

Precaution May dec. on exposure to moist air or water slowly reacts with water to form HCI and CO2 may enter hazardous reactions with Al, IPA, K, Na, lithium, etc. incompat. with amines, ammonia, alcohols... 

Ebner, W. B. etal., Proc. 8th Power Sources Symp., 119-124, 1982 An ARC study of the thermal and pressure behaviour of actual electric batteries under various atypical conditions showed the major contributions to the exothermic behaviour as the reactions between lithium and acetonitrile, lithium and sulfur and the decomposition of lithium dithionite. The first reaction can generate enough heat to trigger other exothermic rections. The hazards associated with the various parameters are quantified. 

The collected papers of a symposium at Dallas, April 1956, cover all aspects of the handling, use and hazards of lithium, sodium, potassium, their alloys, oxides and hydrides, in 19 chapters [1], Interaction of all 5 alkali metals with water under various circumstances has been discussed comparatively [2], In a monograph covering properties, preparation, handling and applications of the enhanced reactivity of metals dispersed finely in hydrocarbon diluents, the hazardous nature of potassium dispersions, and especially of rubidium and caesium dispersions is stressed [3], Alkaline-earth metal dispersions are of relatively low hazard. Safety practices for small-scale storage, handling, heating and reactions of lithium potassium and sodium with water are reviewed [4],... 

A very reactive form of a finely divided metal is a so-called Rieke powder [79]. These materials are produced as fine powders by chemical precipitation during the reduction of various metal halides ivith potassium metal in refluxing tetrahydrofuran. Obviously this is a potentially hazardous laboratory procedure and ultrasound has provided an alternative method of preparation of these extremely valuable reagents [80]. The sonochemical technique involves the reduction of metal halides with lithium in TH F at room temperature in a cleaning bath and gives rise to metal powders that have reactivities comparable to those of Rieke powders. Thus powders of Zn, Mg, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pd, Co and Pb were obtained in less than 40 min by this ultrasonic method compared with reaction times of 8 h using the experimentally more difScult Rieke method (Tab. 3.1). 

As discussed below, there are problems with morphological changes and passivation reactions at lithium metal negative electrodes in secondary cells, which reduce cycle life and the practical energy density of the system, and may in some circumstances introduce safety hazards. A more recent development involves the replacement of the lithium metal anode by another insertion compound, say C Dm. In this cell, the electrochemical process at the negative side, rather than lithium plating and... 

SAFETY PROFILE A very dangerous fire hazard in the form of dust when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction with moisture or acids. In contact with water, silane and hydrogen are evolved. Slighdy explosive in the form of dust when exposed to flame. Will react with water or steam to produce flammable vapors on contact with oxidizing materials, can react vigorously on contact with acid or acid fumes, can emit toxic and flammable fumes. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical. See also LITHIUM, SILICON, and POWDERED METALS. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion and skin contact. Moderately toxic by inhalation and intraperitoneal routes. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Questionable carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data. Mutation data reported. A flammable liquid and very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Violent reaction with water or hexafluoroisopropylideneamino lithium. A... 

OSHA PEL Respirable Dust and Fume TWA 0.05 mg(V205)/m3 NIOSH REL TWA 1.0 mg(V)/m3 SAFETY PROFILE An inhalation hazard. Poison by subcutaneous route. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Flammable in dust form from heat, flame, or sparks. Violent reaction with BrFs, CI2, lithium, nitryl fluoride, oxidants. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of VOx. See also VANADIUM COMPOUNDS. 

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