Solid caustic soda

The overall cell reaction produces gaseous H2 and CI2 and an aqueous solution of NaOH, called caustic soda. Solid NaOH is then obtained by evaporation of the residual solution. This is the most important commercial preparation of each of these substances. It is much less expensive than the electrolysis of molten NaCl, because it is not necessary to heat the solution. 

A statistical yearbook of the Furnish industries 16) includes general statistics for the various branches of industry (value of output, number of workers, wages, and motive power), and detailed tables of output and raw material consumption by the different industries. Chemicals for which output figures are given include paints, varnishes, and lacquers, superphosphate, turpentine, explosives, chlorine, caustic soda (solid and solution), hydrochloric acid,. phosphates, trichlorethylene, chlorophenolates, calcium hypochlorite, carbon tetrachloride, calcium carbide, potassium chlorate, carbon dioxide (hquid), sulfuric acid, water glaiss, metasilicate, plastics and synthetic resins, dichloro-ethane, and chloral. For lacquers and varnishes, and plastics and synthetic resins, data are given for individual products. 

CAUSTIC SODA, GRANULAR CAUSTIC SODA, LIQUID CAUSTIC SODA, SOLID CAUSTIC SODA, SOLUTION LEWIS-RED DEVIL LYE LYE SODALYE SODIUM HYDRATE SODIUM HYDROXIDE, BEAD SODIUM HYDROXIDE, DRY SODIUM HYDROXIDE, FLAKE SODIUM HYDROXIDE, GRANULAR SODIUM HYDROXIDE, SOLID WHITE CAUSTIC... 

The company is authorized to engage in foreign trade and exports over US 30 million worth of chemical products each year. It has a joint venture with Bayer to produce polycarbonate with annual capacity of 18 000 tonnes. Major products of the company include liquid caustic soda, solid caustic soda, diaphragm caustic soda, PVC resin, liquid chlorine, muriatic (hydrochloric) acid, chlorinated paraffin, chlorinated rubber, trichloro hydrogen-silicon, sodium hypochlorite, carbon tetrachloride, perchloroethylene, calcium hypochlorite, hydrogen fluoride acid, tetrafluoro-dibromoethane, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin, and fluorine refrigerant. 

Two classes of resol are generally distinguished, water-soluble resins prepared using caustic soda as catalyst, and spirit-soluble resins which are catalysed by addition of ammonia. The water-soluble resins are usually only partially dehydrated during manufacture to give an aqueous resin solution with a solids content of about 70%. The solution viscosity can critically affect the success in a given application. Water-soluble resols are used mainly for mechanical grade paper and cloth laminates and in decorative laminates. 

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (caustic soda) White deliquescent solid. Sticks, flakes, pellets. Dissolution in water is highly exothermic. Strongly basic. Severe hazard to skin tissue... 

CAUSTIC SODA, DRY, SOLID CAUSTIC SODA, SOLUTION CDEC see SULFALLATE... 

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water A slow, non-hazardous reaction occurs, forming propanolamine Reactivity with Common Materials No reactions Stability During Transport The product is stable if it is kept in contact with solid caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Dilute with water and rinse with vinegar solution Polymerization This material will polymerize explosively when in contact with any acid Inhibitor of Potymerization Solid sodium hydroxide (caustic soda). 

Chemicals such as disodium or the polyphosphates are used to precipitate scale-forming solids in the water. If alkalinity control is required, caustic soda... 

Reaction.—Make a solution of 4 grams stannous chloride in TO c.c. cone, hydrochloric acid, add 2 grams aminoazobenzene, and boil for a few minutes. On cooling ciystals of the hydrochlorides of aniline and yi-phenylenediamine separate out. The liquid is filtered and washed with a little cone, hydrochloric acid to remove the tin salts. If the precipitate is dissolved in water and made alkaline with caustic soda, a mixture of liquid aniline and solid/-phenylenediamine is precipitated, from which the former may be removed by filtering, washing, and draining on a porous plate. 

Reaction —Dissolve a small quantity of the n-o ime in a few diops of acetic anhydride, waim if necessary, and cool quickly by adding a little ice. Add to the clear solution solid sodium carbonate and a little caustic soda solution. The solution becomes clear on shaking or warming. 

Naphthyl methyl ether.—Dissolve 3-6grams(3-naphthnl in I3 5 c.c. 10 per cent, caustic soda solution, add 3 c.c. meth l sulphate, warm the liquid gently and shake vigorously. In. i short time the naphthyl methyl ether separates as a solid mass. The product is heated for ten minutes on the water-bath, a little water is added, and the naphthyl ether filtered and washed with water. It is crystallised from alcohol and deposits in lustrous plates m. p. 70—72°. The yield is theoretical. It may be used for analysis by Zeisel s method. 

AgNO, and the addition of caustic soda will cause the base to separate (if insoluble) as solid or liquid, oi, if the base is olatile, n ill produce a strong ammoniacal smell. The furtliei examination of the base is the same as that described under I, 2. Acid chlorides are usually insoluble in water, but rapidly decompose, and may pass into solution as the fiee acid, giiing at the same time fi ee hydrochloric acid. 

Benzyl alcohol forms a solid compound with calcium chloride, and also a phthalic acid compound. The latter is obtained by heating 2 grams of the alcohol with 2 grams of phthalic anhydride and 1 gram of benzene. Caustic soda solution is then added, and the solution washed... 

This condensate was washed with dilute caustic soda solution and dried over calcium chloride. The exit gases from this condenser were scrubbed with water and dilute caustic soda solution, dried and passed to a condenser cooled with a mixture of solid carbon dioxide and trichloroethylene which caused the unchanged 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane to condense. This second condensate was then combined with the first and the mixture was fractionally distilled. 

As described in U.S. Patent 2,507,631, 80 g of pulverized sodium amide are gradually added, while stirring and cooling, to a solution of 117 g of phenyl-acetonitrile and 113 g of 2-chloropyridine in 400 cc of absolute toluene. The mixture is then slowly heated to 110° to 120°C and maintained at this temperature for 1 hour. Water is added thereto after cooling, the toluene solution is shaken with dilute hydrochloric acid and the hydrochloric acid extracts are made alkaline with concentrated caustic soda solution. A solid mass is separated thereby which is taken up in acetic ester and distilled, a-phenyl-a-pvridyl-(2)-acetonitrile passing over at 150° to 155°C under 0.5 mm pressure. When re-crystallized from ethyl acetate it melts at 88° to 89°C, the yield amounting to 135 g. 

A solution of the piperidino-diol (9 grams) in acetic anhydride (18 ml) was heated at 90°C for 1 hour, the solution cooled, excess acetic anhydride destroyed by the careful addition of water, and the resulting solution carefully made alkaline with 2N caustic soda solution to precipitate a solid product. The soiid was dried, extracted with n-hexane and the solution filtered free of insoluble material before percolation down a column (4x1" diameter) of alumina. Eiution with n-hexane gave a fraction (4.2 grams) which was crystallized twice from ether to give the diacetate, MP 176°-180°C. 

Photocopies of journal articles relating to the Unipet process for the recycling of PETP developed by United Resource Recovery Corp. Details are given of the process which enables contaminated PETP to be recycled by the use of caustic soda which reacts with the PETP to yield ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid, followed by heating and evaporation of the EG which reduces organic impurities to carbon dioxide and water and leaves solid terephthalic salt. Its implications for the industry are also discussed. 

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (caustic soda) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) (caustic potash) Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) (slaked lime) Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) (aqueous ammonia solution) White deliquescent solid. Sticks, flakes, pellets. Dissolution in water is highly exothermic. Strongly basic. Severe hazard to skin tissue White deliquescent solid. Sticks, flakes, pellets. Dissolution In water is highly exothermic. Strongly basic. Severe hazard to skin tissue White powder soluble in water yielding lime water. Alkaline Weakly alkaline. Emits ammonia gas. Severe eye irritant... 

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