Morphological change

The complexity of an IPN allows yet another morphology to be developed, through decrosslinking. Specific decrosslinking without 

Further electron micrographs will be found elsewhere in this book, particularly in Chapter 2. Certainly not all of the possible IPN morphologies have been discovered yet. While equation (6.36) describes the phase domain size in sequential IPNs, the correlation between synthetic detail and morphology is still in its infancy. Nonetheless, the experimentally known morphologies provide an important link between synthesis and properties. 

---

Problems with grafting and morphological changes in the particles are reviewed (117). Vinyl acetate has been grafted onto atactic polypropylene (118) and casein (119). 

Practical appHcations have been reported for PVP/ceUulosics (108,119,120) and PVP/polysulfones (121,122) in membrane separation technology, eg, in the manufacture of dialysis membranes. Electrically conductive polymers of polyaruline are rendered more soluble and hence easier to process by complexation with PVP (123). Addition of small amounts of PVP to nylon 66 and 610 causes significant morphological changes, resulting in fewer but more regular spherulites (124). 

A deformation due to slippage of polymer molecules past one another (viscous deformation Dvisc)- H often assumed that such viscous deformation rates do not change with time if the applied stress is constant. However, in long-term deformations chemical and morphological changes may occur which affect the rate of chain slippage. 

These morphological changes (hill and blister formation) were attributed to the intercalation of solvated lithium ion into graphite interlayers and to the accumulation of its decomposition products (some of them gases), respectively. On the other hand, rapid exfoliation and rupturing of graphite layers were observed in ImolL-1... 

While a plastic usually exhibits not one but many relaxation times, each relaxation time is affected by the temperature in exactly the same manner as another. That is the whole relaxation spectrum shifts in unison along the logarithmic no longer applicable in these materials, because the crystalline morphology changes with the temperature. 

In focal epilepsies a number of functional and morphological changes are observed which may act in concert to support enhanced excitability. Such changes have been intensively investigated in order to develop targets for drug design. 

The exposure of heterogeneous materials to humid environments induces different morphological changes of the polymeric structure, depending on the affinity and mode of sorption of the water. Moy and Karasz 16) presented sorption experiments of... 

Phase transition occurs at a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, inducing a change in the microstructure of atoms. However, corrosion is a typical nonequilibrium phenomenon accompanied by diffusion and reaction processes. We can also observe that this phenomenon is characterized by much larger scales of length than an atomic order (i.e., masses of a lot of atoms), which is obvious if we can see the morphological change in the pitted surface. 

Here, as the surface morphology changes with dissolution, the concentration distribution in the diffusion layer also changes. This influence is exhibited by the first-order expansion outside the double layer... 

Apoptosis is known as programmed cell death and represents also a control mechanism within the cell that reacts to the changes in its environment. This active cellular death process is characterized by distinctive morphological changes... 

Zlateva M, Maleva E. 1978. [Late morphologic changes in the myocardium of experimental animals after chronic Wofatox poisoning]. Eksp Med Morfol (Bui) 17 99-103 [CA 89(25)211020V]. (Russian)... 

In this section, we show the morphological changes of stretched NR without filler by AFM. Two-dimensional mappings of topography and elasticity for elongated NR will be given to confirm the breakdown of the long-beheved assumption of affine deformation. 

The earliest morphological change in the sebaceous follicle is an abnormal follicular epithelial differentiation, which results in ductal hypercornification. Cornified cells in the upper section of the follicular canal become abnormally adherent. Comedones represent the retention of hyperproliferating ductal keratinoc-ytes in the duct. Several factors have been implicated in the induction of hyperproliferation sebaceous lipid composition, androgens, local cytokine production (IL-i, EGF) and bacteria (P. acnes). 

We found recently that the viscosity (//vac) of the colloidal thiolate precursor is a key parameter in controlling the shape of the nanoproducts in the solventless method [8]. Uniform nanowires, rods, or spheres could be made from the corresponding precursors that came from the solutions with different viscosities. The viscosity is a measure of the polymerization of the metal-thiolate complexes. Accordingly, the precursor with the highest viscosity produces nanowires (Fig. 20.5 a), and with decreases in the viscosity, the product morphology changes to rods (Fig. 20.5b) and then spheres (Fig. 20.5c). 

---