Hazard identification system

For a detailed description of the degrees of severity of the ratings, see NFPA 704. Table 26-4 shows the system for identification of hazards. Figures 26-1, 26-2, and 26-3 show examples of arrangements for display of the NFPA 704 Hazard identification System. 

The quality of a hazard-identification system can be evaluated by emswering the following four questions (Suokas 1993) ... 

One of the new creative ideas to promote employee involvement and the expression of their ideas is the targeted hazard identification system. This system provides an easy and cost-efficient method through which employees are trained to identify safety hazards in their workplace and provides a mechanism through which the hazard can be corrected. Additionally, this system provides a simple method by which employees can express their ideas and acquire feedback within a 24-hour time period (see Appendix C for program details). Important components of this program are the anployee involvement and the acquisition of their opinions to generate corrective action. 

The Targeted Hazard Identification System (THIS) is specifically designed to enhance employees ability to recognize and target safety and health hazards in the workplace, which in turn enhances the company s proactive approach to the prevention of costly occupational injuries and illnesses. The THIS also provides an easy and cost-effective way for employees to communicate their observations of safety and health hazards in the workplace to other employees and management. 

The instructor should introduce him- or herself and explain the meaning and purpose of the Targeted Hazard Identification System (THIS), focusing on the proactive activities of the program. The instructor should place Overhead 1 on the overhead projector and review each objective for the THIS training program. 

The hazard identification, system safety requirements, and safety control structure for this example are described in section 7.4.1, so the example starts from this basic information. 

The DOT hazard identification system has been changed to a numerical one. Table 4.22 shows... 

A hazard identification technique in which all known failure modes of components or features of a system are considered in turn, and undesired outcomes are noted... 

An opportimity for error recovery would have been to implement a checking stage by a supervisor or independent worker, since this was a critical maintenance operation. However, this had not been done. Another aspect of the unforgiving environment was the vulnerability of the system to a single human error. The fact that the critical water jacket flow was dependent upon a single pump was a poor design that would have been detected if a hazard identification technique such as a hazard and operability study (HAZOP) had been used to assess the design. 

Rasmussen, J. (1989). Chemical Process Hazard Identification. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Vol. 24, pp. 11-20. New York Elsevier Science Publkhers Ltd. 

Hazard identification is defined as tlie process of determining whetlier human exposure to an agent could cause an increase in the incidence of a health condition (cancer, birtli defect, etc.) or whetlier exposure to nonliumans, such as fish, birds, and otlier fonns of wildlife, could cause adverse effects. Hazard identification cliaracterizes tlie liazard in terms of tlie agent and dose of the agent. Since tliere are few hazardous chemicals or hazardous agents for wliich definitive exposure data in humans exists, tlie identification of health hazards is often characterized by the effects of health hazards on laboratory test animals or other test systems. ... 

U.S. EPA proposed to significantly impact the RCRA hazardous waste identification process through a rulemaking effort called the Hazardous Waste Identification Rules (H WIR). The first rule, HWIR-media, was finalized on November 30,1998, and addressed contaminated media.16 The second rule, HWIR-waste, was finalized on May 16, 2001, and modified the mixture and derived-from rules, as well as the contained-in policy for listed wastes.5 Both the HWIR-media rule and the HWIR-waste rule attempt to increase flexibility in the hazardous waste identification system by providing a regulatory mechanism for certain hazardous wastes with low concentrations of hazardous constituents to exit the RCRA Subtitle C universe. 

Hazard identification consists in identifying the type and nature of adverse effects caused by the agent in the receptor (target organism, system, or (sub) population). 

The commonly used management systems directed toward eliminating the existence of hazards include safety reviews, safety audits, hazard identification techniques, checklists, and proper application of technical knowledge. 

Checklists should be applied only during the preliminary stages of hazard identification and should not be used as a replacement for a more complete hazard identification procedure. Checklists are most effective in identifying hazards arising from process design, plant layout, storage of chemicals, electrical systems, and so forth. 

In addition to the evaluation of chemical process hazards, and the proper applications of the evaluation to process design and operation, the management systems are important to assure operation of the facilities as intended. Brief introductions into hazard identification and quantification, and into management controls from the perspective of process safety are presented in Chapter 4. Future trends are also briefly reviewed here. 

Thus, for hazard identification, only the measurement of one or two temperatures is necessary. Actually, for equipment without a heating or cooling system, evaluation of the term (d2T/dt2) greater than zero is sufficient. The method is independent of detailed process knowledge and, generally, of human judgment. 

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