Chloroform, halogenated hydrocarbon

Because 1,4-dichlorobenzene is a liver toxin, it probably can interact with other chemicals that are liver toxicants. These toxicants are many, and include ethanol, halogenated hydrocarbons (chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, etc ), benzene, and other haloalkanes and haloalkenes. In addition, 1,4-dichlorobenzene toxicity may also be exacerbated by concurrent exposure with acetaminophen, heavy metals (copper, iron, arsenic), aflatoxins, pyrrolizidine alkaloids (from some types of plants), high levels of vitamin A, and hepatitis viruses. Such interactions could either be additive or S5mergistic effects. 

Hydrocarbons (aliphatic and aromatic)— benzene and alkyl derivatives of benzene Halogenated hydrocarbons—chloroform... 

In addition to its water solubility poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) is soluble in a very wide range of materials, including aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons (methylene dichloride, chloroform), many monohydric and polyhdric alcohols (methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol), some ketones (acetyl acetone) and lactones (a-butyrolactone), lower aliphatic acids (glacial acetic acid) and the nitro-paraffins. The polymer is also compatible with a wide range of other synthetic polymers, with gums and with plasticisers. 

Halogenated hydrocarbons depress cardiac contractility, decrease heart rate, and inhibit conductivity in the cardiac conducting system. The cardiac-toxicity of these compounds is related to the number of halogen atoms it increases first as the number of halogen atoms increases, but decreases after achieving the maximum toxicity when four halogen atoms are present. Some of these compounds, e.g., chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and trichloroethylene, sensitize the heart to catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) and thus increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmia. 

Environmental exposure to chloroform in humans probably represents a combination of inhalation exposure (from the air polluted with volatile halogenated hydrocarbons) and oral exposure (from... 

Soluble in alcohol, ether (Weast, 1986), and many low molecular weight hydrocarbons (pentane, hexane, heptane), and halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene. 

Soluble in alcohol, chloroform, and ether (Weast, 1986). Miscible in many halogenated hydrocarbons, e.g., chloroform, caterbon tetrachloride, etc. 

Lithium metal is less reactive than other alkali metals. However, violent explosions may occur when lithium is combined with halogenated hydrocarbons, such as chloroform or carbon tetrachloride. Violent reactions can occur with many other substances at high temperatures. 

Occupationally, liver injury is most likely to occur following exposure to vapors of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons (such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and bromobenzene), which may enter the bloodstream via the pulmonary route. However, hepatotoxins may enter the gastrointestinal tract, and hence the liver, in the form of fine particles. They are inhaled, then expelled from the bronchi or trachea into the oral cavity, and swallowed with saliva. 

Halogenated Hydrocarbons Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Chloroform Dichlorobenzene... 

Generally, there is no need to use solvents, but halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane or chloroform can be added. Hydrogen fluoride is often used both as a catalyst and a solvent. 

Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons (chloroform 1,4-dibromobutane) Misc. oxygen and sulfur 7 77-118 90 4-16 9 a... 

A number of industrial chemicals have been linked to cardiotoxicity. Aldehydes and primary alcohols that can be metabolically oxidized to aldehydes have exhibited cardiodepressant effects. Acute exposure to ethanol has caused arrhythmia. Isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol), a widely used industrial chemical and personal care product, may cause cardiovascular depression and excessively rapid heartbeat. Some halogenated hydrocarbons, including chloroform, ethyl bromide, and trichlo-rofluoromethane, have been implicated in cardiovascular disorders, including arrhythmia. 

The positive charge of solvent radical-cations transfers to solute molecules in halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloroethane. However, only few studies have been made on the radical cations of polymers in solution. Tanaka et al. observed the dimer cation of the biphenyl group or the pyrenyl group of the polymers in the pulse radiolysis of PVB and PVP in 1,2-dichloroethane [49]. The absence of the monomeric cation is due to the rapid intramolecular dimerization of the radical cations of the side groups of the polymers. Irie et al. observed two kinds of intramolecular dimer cations in the... 

Solubility. —White phosphorus is almost insoluble in water. It dissolves easily in liquid ammonia, sulphur dioxide and cyanogen, also in such compounds as phosphorus trichloride which mix with typical organic solvents. It is moderately soluble in fatty oils, also in hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and especially methylene iodide. One of the best solvents for phosphorus, as for sulphur, is carbon disulphide, which seems to dissolve it in all proportions at ordinary temperatures a solution has even... 

Cephalosporins Aminoglycosides Antineoplastic agents Nitrosoureas Cisplatin and analogs Radiographic contrast agents Halogenated hydrocarbons Chlorotriiluoroethylene Hexafluropropene Hexachlorobutadinene T richloroethylene Chloroform Carbon tetrachloride Maleic acid Citrinin Metals Mercury Uranyl nitrate Cadmium Chromium... 

Workers come in contact with a large number of chemical substances in work areas, as does the general public. The commonly found chemical carcinogens are grouped under (1) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), (2) nitroso compounds, (3) halogenated hydrocarbons (solvents e.g., carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, trichloroethylene, and methylene chloride), (4) inorganic metals and minerals (beryllium, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, chromium, asbestos and arsenic), and (5) naturally occurring chemical substances (aflatoxins). 

Halogenated hydrocarbons. Several of these compounds are commonly used as solvents. Examples include carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, trichloroethylene, and methylene chloride. 

Chloroform, CHCI3, and carbon tetrachloride, CCI4, are familiar products of the chlorination of methane. Halogenated hydrocarbons are intermediates in the production of many other types of organic compounds. 

Aliphatic and aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons are widely used as industrial reagents, cleaning agents and solvents. The toxicity of the individual substances is very varied, e.g. relative to trichloroethane (nominal toxicity = 1), trichloroethylene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride have a toxicity of 8, 60 and 190, respectively. (s. tab. 30.3)... 

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