Guide to the Chemical Literature

you may need to go beyond the information contained in the typical organic chemistry textbook and use reference material in the library At first glance, using library materials may seem formidable because of the numerous sources the library contains. If, however, you adopt a systematic approach, the task can prove rather useful. This description of various popular sources and an outline of logical steps to follow in the typical literature search should be helpful. 

To find information on routine physical constants, such as melting points, boiling points, indices of refraction, and densities, you should first consider a handbook. Examples of suitable handbooks are 

Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemicals. Sigma-Aldrich Milwaukee, WI, 2012-2013. 

Haynes, W. M., ed. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 91st ed. CRC Press Boca Raton, FL, 2010. 

O Neil, M. S, ed. The Merck Index, 14th ed. Merck Whitehouse Station, NJ, 2006. 

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A smaller British work is G. M. Dyson s A Short Guide to the Chemical Literature (Longmans, Green, 1958). This is not intended... 

For books on the chemical literature, see Wolman Chemical Information, 2nd ed. Wiley NY, 1988 Maizell How to Find Chemical Information, 2nd ed. Wiley NY, 1987 Mellon Chemical Publications, 5th ed. McGraw-Hill NY, 1982, Skolnik The Literature Matrix of Chemistry, Wiley NY, 1982 Antony Guide to Basic Information Sources in Chemistry Jeffrey Norton Publishers NY, 1979 Bottle Use of the Chemical literature Butterworth London, 1979 Woodbum Using the Chemical Literature Marcel Dekker NY, 1974. For a three-part article on the literature of organic chemistry, see Hancock J. Chem. Educ., 1968, 45, 193, 260, 336. 

The next step would be to allow computers which can calculate chemical properties to interact automatically with computers which can search the chemical literature. This would enable the literature results to be extended to the precise systems of interest for a particular synthesis. If a new alcohol is being oxidised, then the effect of the surroundings could be calculated, while the experimental protocol could be taken from the paper. Thus, the literature results would guide the calculations. The calculations would also guide the literature searching, because the calculation may suggest a side reaction which could be checked in the literature. Literature precedent may be a more reliable guide than calculation as to which of several possible reactions is likely to work best. 

To evaluate further the CAMD results, a number of atomic and chemical parameters from each structure (number of atoms, fractions of aromatic carbon and hydrogen, weight fraction or each atomic species, empirical formula) were compared with the original literature for each structure. This provided a useful check on the accuracy of the computer models. Results of the computer analyses for the four coal structures are given in Table I. The total numbers of atoms only appear as guides to the size and complexity of each structure, and bear no relationship to the size of a "coal molecule" or a decomposition product. 

Several methods have been proposed to guide the solvent replacement process for the many applications described in the chemical literature. These efforts attempt to build an organized framework for this process and provide a substantial improvement over previously ad hoc or trial-and-error approaches to solvent replacement. Joback outlines a methodology for the selection of replacement solvents for various processes such as extraction or cleaning (Joback, 1994). There are basically four steps to this process identify constraints on important solvent properties, compile data for all properties, rank solvents satisfying the target constraints, and evaluate top solvent candidates using simulation. 

It is not necessary to claim for the unknown writer of the pseudo-Geber works any original contributions either to the development of chemical philosophy or to advances in chemical practice, in order to explain the great influence which he exerted on his successors for two or three centuries. The fact that he presented to his world a manual of the general chemical practice of his time, so clear and concise as almost to make an epoch in chemical literature is sufficient to account for the great stimulus which he exerted. Indeed it is not too much to assert that, as a manual and guide to the ordinary operations of chemistry—distillation, sublimations and furnace operations generally—and to many accessory operations with metals, no later publication is known which rivals his before the sixteenth century. 

The book is an important guide to scientists interested in environmental chemistry and engineering, and it represents an important addition to the scientific literature and a valuable source of reference for students, professors, scientists and engineers. The latest advances in physico-chemical methods and techniques to study various aspects of natural nonliving organic matter are also reviewed critically and addressed clearly. The chapter authors are scientists who are internationally renowned experts in their fields, and all the chapters have been reviewed by at least two external referees. 

The analysis of substituent effects on RSE values does not only aid our understanding, but also holds a degree of predictive power, allowing one to design and select species with optimal radical stabilities for specific practical applications. Indeed, provided due attention is given to the effects of substituents on the other species involved, RSEs can even provide a qualitative guide to the thermodynamic stability of radicals in other types of chemical reaction, such as addition and beta-scission. In this section, some practical applications of RSE values are illustrated using some selected case studies from the literature. 

This chapter is intended as a practical guide to efficient searching of the chemical literature the main part is devoted to a description of the most important access routes to the primary literature, and a discussion of methods of tackling some common types of literature search. The chapter concludes with a section on methods of keeping in touch with the current literature. The reader is referred to a number of recent texts for more detailed information. 

This Chapter outlines some of the nature, delicacy and specificity of molecular forces, and how it is that these forces conspire with the geometry of molecules to organise self-assembled molecular aggregates. The shapes and topologies that set the physico-chemical environments for biochemistry are the subject of following chapters. The references provide a sufficient guide to the literature for the reader interested in exploring further complex technical issues. 

Intuition is usually a chemist s first resort for optimizing a reaction. When intuition fails to guide the chemist to finding suitably optimized reaction conditions within a reasonable time, the chemist usually delves more deeply into the experience of others and the chemical literature, then renews investigations. In spite of vigorous effort, optimizations still may not be satisfactory. 

Appendixes and Endpapers. Included in the appendixes are an updated guide to the literature of analytical chemistry, tables of chemical constants, electrode potentials, and recommended compounds for the preparation of standard materials sections on the use of logarithms and exponential notation, and on normality and equivalents (terms that are not used in the text itself) and a derivation of the propagation of error equations. The inside front and back covers of this book provide a full-color chart of chemical indicators, a table of molar masses of com-... 

This bibliography is not intended to be an exhaustive list of references, but rather a selective list designed to help the chemist new to the textile field. Therefore, it is only a guide to the main sources of the textile literature on processing and textile chemicals, with suggested examples for each of the various types of literature available. 

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