Gross domestic product GDP

Ratio of total final consumption of energy to gross domestic product (GDP). Measured in metric tons of oil equivalent per 1000 of GDP at 1985 prices ... 

Timber production in the United States is an important contributor to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In 1991, timber-related activities in the United States generated -- 59,498 million (Table 7). It accounted for 2.2% of the goods and stmctures portion of GDP. Primary timber products production totaled 19,370 secondary timber-related products added 40,128 million of value in 1991. 

Table 7. Value of Primary and Secondary Timber Products and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the United States, 1991...

The most recent study was conducted by CC Technologies Laboratories, Inc. (circa 1999 to 2001), with support by the Federal Highways Administration and the National Association of Corrosion Engineers, International. The results of the study show that the (estimated) total annual direct costs of corrosion in the United States are 276 billion, i.e., about 3.1 percent of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP). That... 

In the last four to five decades national health care expenditures for all types of health-related transactions, including dental, medical, hospital, prescription, and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, has grown from about 5% of the country s gross domestic product (GDP) (national expenditures on all goods and services) to nearly 14% of the GDP today. Total health expenditures in the United States are now well over 1 trillion annually. 

This situation of escalating costs from improved survival is not new our society has traditionally spent more for incremental (sometimes minor) improvements in care. From an economic perspective, the question becomes how much more and for how long. Every additional dollar spent on health care is another dollar from the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that cannot be used for other purposes. This opportunity cost of technological improvement will be one of the primary economic and social issues that must be addressed. Pharmacogenomics-based drug therapies will likely provide a test case. Will these new and expensive therapies be rationed if so, on what basis Will our society continue to value improvements in health care above other goods and services such as education, the environment, and Social Security ... 

The effectiveness of various measures to contain expenditure on medicines in the United Kingdom can only be assessed in the context of the situation in other European Union coimtries. Table 26.1 gives data for the total expenditure on health care as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP),... 

The third column gives an estimate of the size of these various sectors in terms of value added in billions of dollars. The value added is simply the difference between the output (goods and services) and the input (labor, land, and capital) of the industry. The total value added, 8,759.9 billion in 1998, is the gross domestic product (GDP) for the entire economy. This is the latest year that official government figures are available at the time of this writing. 

The pharmaceutical industry serves a dual role in modern society. On one hand, it is a growing industry, and its output makes a direct contribution to gross domestic product (GDP). On the other, prescription drugs, this industry s major output, are an input in the production of good health. These products make an important contribution to the improvement of population health. 

Sales reported for 2004 in the United States, which spends more per capita and absolutely on pharmaceuticals than does any other country, amounted to only 200 billion, which is about 1.7% of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP in that year, or 11.1% of total U.S. health spending Heffler et al. 2005). Assuming that drug manufacturers received about 75% of total retail sales and that their net after-tax proht margin was 16% on sales Fortune 2005), their after-tax profits of about 24 billion in 2004 amounted to only 0.20% of U.S. GDP in that year, and about 1.3% of total U.S. national health spending. 

Metallic corrosion is a major engineering and economic problem. In North America and Europe, the cost of corrosion is on the order of 3-4% of gross domestic product (GDP). Not surprisingly, there is an abundance of good books on this topic.1 15 This chapter focuses mainly on corrosion of metals in aqueous systems, as this is the most commonly encountered problem and is a natural corollary of the material of the two preceding chapters. 

Table 1.16. Characteristics of regions and countries by the relationship between C02 emission and gross domestic product (GDP). From IEA (2005a).

The economic potential of a country is determined by its available resources, which, used efficiently, make it possible to produce the maximum gross domestic product (GDP). The components of the economic potential of a country include the following ... 

It is argued that these countries have shown a lower ratio of energy use to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or Gross National Product (GNP) and lower per capita energy consumption while maintaining the same standard of living as the United States. I... 

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) The total value of a nation s output, income and expenditures produced with a nation s physical borders. 

Gross National Product (GNP) A country s total output of goods and services from all forms of economic activity measured at market prices for one calendar year. It differs from Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in that GNP includes income from investments made in foreign nations. 

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