Gross Domestic Product GDP per capita

Various metrics within each of the three dimensions of sustainability have long been well developed and used. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, literacy and poverty rates, and ambient concentration of urban air pollutants are some examples of economic, social, and environmental metrics employed at the national level. In businesses, financial metrics such as return on investment as well as certain metrics that reflect employee well-being and environmental performance, such as health and safety incident rates and regulated toxic releases, are also conventionally used. Sustainable development, however, requires further cross-functional integration of these metrics as well as the inclusion of additional metrics that facilitate more systemic and comprehensive multidisciplinary communication and thinking. 

In the income sub-index, the indicator currently used is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. An additional indicator that might be added in the long term is the unemployment of the labour force in the country. 

South America is the fourth largest continent. It has an area of 17,840,000 km (6,890,000 mi ), or almost 3.5% of the Earth s surface. As of 2005, its population was estimated at more than 371,000,000. This region has socioeconomic inequities, with major sectors of the population living in poverty. In many South American countries, the richest 20% may own over 60% of the nation s wealth, while the poorest 20% may own less than 5%. This wide gap can be seen in many large South American cities. In 2005, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (in terms of purchasing power parity) was around US 7200 (US 14,087 in Argentina US 2817 in Bolivia). As of 2002, South America s unemployment rate was 10.8%. 

Data on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita provide another measure of development. GDP is deimed as a measure of the amount of the economic production, i.e. the total value of goods and services of a particular territory or nation per unit time (usually per year) it may be expressed on a per capita basis which facilitates comparison. It reflects wealth generation and is an accepted measure of national income and output. Table 8.2 gives the GDP for selected nations and shows that there is difference of c. 750 percent between the richest and poorest nations. The... 

Sales reported for 2004 in the United States, which spends more per capita and absolutely on pharmaceuticals than does any other country, amounted to only 200 billion, which is about 1.7% of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP in that year, or 11.1% of total U.S. health spending Heffler et al. 2005). Assuming that drug manufacturers received about 75% of total retail sales and that their net after-tax proht margin was 16% on sales Fortune 2005), their after-tax profits of about 24 billion in 2004 amounted to only 0.20% of U.S. GDP in that year, and about 1.3% of total U.S. national health spending. 

It is argued that these countries have shown a lower ratio of energy use to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or Gross National Product (GNP) and lower per capita energy consumption while maintaining the same standard of living as the United States. I... 

It was reported that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) output of Nigeria rose by an average of 6.9 percent from 1965 to 1980, but indicators show that between 1980 and 1988 the GDP shrank annucilly by 1.1 percent when petroleum revenue dropped. Statistics show that the decline in petroleum income and the rapid rise in population brought down the per capita GDP. 

The effectiveness of various measures to contain expenditure on medicines in the UK can only be assessed in the context of the situation in other European Union countries. Table 21.1 gives data for the total expenditure on health care as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), expenditure on medicines as a percentage of total healthcare spend, the national pharmaceutical industry s research and development expenditure in euro-millions, the general price index and the medicines price index nationally compared to a European price of 100, and the national pharmaceutical consumption per capita expressed as defined daily doses (DDD). These comparisons are based on OECD Health Data 2000. 

Persistence of socioeconomic disparities and other forms of social injustice are among the leading underlying causes of war. In 1960, in the 20 richest countries, the per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) was 18-fold that in the 20 poorest countries by 1995, this gap had increased to 37-fold. Between 1980 and the late 1990s, inequality increased in 48 of 73 countries for which there are reliable data, including China, Russia, and the United States [34]. Inequality is not restricted to personal income, but other important areas of life, including health status and access to health care, education, and employment opportunities. In addition, abundant... 

The European Union is the largest single-developed market in the world with more than 450 million people and a total gross domestic product (GDP) of 15.2 trillion US dollars. Table 1.10 shows the GDP, popxilation and per capita GDP for each of the G20 regions. The table is arranged in order of the highest per capita GDP. 

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