Whiteflies greenhouse

Adults of this pest, Vitm (2 mm) long with white wings, fly up from plants when disturbed. Eggs laid on host plants hatch into "scales"—oval, immobile creatures found on the undersides of leaves. Both scales and adults are sap-feeders and excrete sticky honeydew, which drops onto leaves below. Sooty molds (q.v.) develop on this. A severe infestation may stunt growth. See Cabbage whitefly Greenhouse whitefly. 

Jauset, A.M., Sarasua, M.J., Avilla, J. and Albajes, R. 2000. Effect of nitrogen fertilization level applied to tomato on the greenhouse whitefly. Crop Protection 19(4) 255-261. 

Neal, J.W., Leonhardt, B.A., Brown, J.K., Bentz, J.A. and Devilbiss, E.D. (1994). Cuticular lipids of greenhouse whitefly and sweetpotato whitefly type A and B (Homoptera Aleyrodidae) pupal exuviae on the same hosts. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 87, 609-618. 

Control Catch adults on yellow sticky traps vacuum adults from leaves indoors, release Encarsia formoso parasitic wasps to control greenhouse whitefly outdoors, attract native parasitic wasps and predatory beetles spray with insecticidal soap, kinoprene (Fnstar), or garlic oil as a last resort, spray with pyrethrin. 

Whitefly parasite Encarsia formosa Greenhouse whiteflies, sweetpotato whiteflies. Release 1,000 wasps in a small greenhouse or 2-5 parasites per plant when the first whiteflies are seen repeat in 1 -2 weeks double releoses for sweet-potato whiteflies. Reliable on greenhouse whiteflies if released while pest numbers are extremely low unlikely to succeed in winter months works best in warm, bright conditions. 

Fransen JJ, Winkelman K, van Lenteren JC. The differential mortality at various life stages of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera Aleyrodidae), by infection with the fungus Aschersonia aleyrodis (Deuteromycotina Coelomycetes). J Invert Pathol 50 158-165, 1987. 

In Japan, to control greenhouse whitefly and cotton whitefly that infest vegetables and ornamentals in the greenhouse, a yellow plastic tape formulation containing pyriproxyfen was developed. The tape has been widely used as it can lower the population of whitefly for several months after installation, and the influence on natural enemies and pollinators is low, and so forth. The action mechanism in this system is that adults attracted by the yellow color touch the tape and take pyriproxyfen into the body. The hatching of oviposited eggs is strongly inhibited by ovicidal activity via adults [38, 39]. 

Nevertheless, if a lot of essential oils are repellent, some have been found to be highly attractive [10, 12]. The attractiveness of sandalwood oU, basil oil, and grapefruit oil in yellow sticky traps improved the number of trapped greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood [43]. Cade oU, an essential oil produced by destructive distillation of juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus L.) twigs, synergized the attraction of alpha-ionol to tephritid fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) male [44]. 

Gorski R (2004) Effectiveness of natural essential oils in the monitoring of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood. Folia Horticulturae Ann 16(1) 183-187... 

Tfiese insects will breed all year round on greenhouse plants. They may move out into the garden in the summer, but will not survive winter outdoors. Can transmit viruses. See also Whiteflies. 

A. Too many Whitefly is a big problem for greenhouse grown plants. Aphids, slugs, caterpillars, thrips, spider mites, and scale insects can also damage your plants. Root rot and stem rot can be problems. Fungal spots can appear in leaves. It is not known which plant viruses attack Salvia divinorum but many attack other sages. 

Valdes had difficulty with insect infestations within the greenhouse. His plants suffered whitefly and Tetranychus urticae infestations, but when they were taken outside, wind and rain prevented these infestations (1). 

Identification of aphid species is often difficult due to the low number of adults as compared to larvae. Another problem is that lipid and hydrocarbon composition appear highly dependent on the host plant (Neal et al., 1994). Analysis of CHCs has been used alone or in combination with molecular techniques to differentiate close Aphidae species (Lazzari et al., 1991 Raboudi et al., 2005). For example, analysis of the lipid and hydrocarbon compositions of pupal exuviae has been used to differentiate greenhouse and sweetpotato whiteflies (Neal et al., 1994). 

Boulard, T., Mennier, M., Fargues, 1, Smits, N., Rougier, M., and Roy, J.C. 2002. Tomato leaf boundary layer climate implications for microbiological whitefly control in greenhouses. Agric. Forest. Meteorol. 110 159—176. 

This subclass also includes heptenophos, which is primarily used for control of aphids in agricultural, horticultural, and ornamental crops cherry fruit fly, psylla, and phorid fly on mushrooms and mealybugs, whiteflies, and thrips in greenhouses. Its oral LD50 in rats is 96-121 mg/kg. 

Nicotine, an alkaloid, is extracted from leaves of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum and Nic-otiana rustica). It is used in home gardens and greenhouses for control of sucking insects such as leafhoppers, aphids, scales, thrips, and whiteflies. However, the use of nicotine is rapidly declining and is being replaced by newer synthetic insecticides because of its comparatively high mammalian toxicity. Its oral LD50 in rats is 55 mg/kg. 

Whiteflv. Pests of high value crops in greenhouses or in the field, are often subjected to strong selection pressure by a variety of insecticides, resulting in high levels of broad spectrum resistance. The whitefly,... 

S)-Kinoprene Enstar II Aphids, thrips, whiteflies (greenhouse)... 

Compounds of types 9-11 provide good control of a broad range of commercially important pests, such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips, rice hoppers, Colorado potato beetle, flea beetles, wireworms, leaf miners as well as some lepidopterous species. The influence of the nitroimino-heterocycle on the biological activity has been studied in the greenhouse with compounds 14—16 [22]. These bioassays revealed... 

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