Natural essential oils

One class of flavorings, known as tme fmit, is composed of fmit juices, their concentrates, and their essences. A second group, fmit flavor with other natural flavors (WONF), contains fmit concentrates or extracts that may be fortified with natural essential oils or extractives (isolates), or other naturally occurring plants (64,65). This class of flavor is employed when the manufacturer is compelled by regulation to use only natural products, as in wines and cordials in the United States. 

It is soluble in about 5 volumes of 70 per cent, alcohol. This ester has the character of being saponified much more slowly than most other esters, so that in any determination in which it is involved it is necessary to saponify the sample for two hours before it is safe to consider the reaction complete. This fact also assists in determining whether terpinyl acetate is present as an adulterant in natural essential oils, for if the saponification value as determined by thirty minutes saponification is materially lower than that as determined by a two hours saponification, it may be fairly safely inferred that terpinyl acetate or some similar ester is present. 

Jeff Quigg says the mixing of a perfume is "a trial and error process." An experienced perfumer must memorize a vast library of hundreds or even thousands of individual scents and combinations of scents. Perfume ingredients can be divided into natural essential oils (derived directly from plants) and aromatic chemicals (synthetically produced fragrance components). 

Aided by chemical analysis, we have learned to produce close synthetic matches of many natural perfume materials yet the last fine points still elude us, and we have never yet managed fully to reproduce the naturals, in all of their radiance and fullness. On the other hand, head space chromatography has enabled us to reproduce the odor of living flowers more faithfully than we ever could before but these faithful reproductions of natural odors involves the use of materials that are not present in the "natural" essential oils or absolutes. 

Composition The chemical composition of natural essential oils can be tremendously variable. A typical composition for this material may be 1,8-cineole 70-90°/o, with a-pinene, af-limonene, poro-cymene, a-phellandrene, camphene, a-terpinene. 

Nature identical oils A combination of synthetically produced chemicals, or chemicals extracted from cheap oils, made to imitate a genuine essential oil. Owing to the complex and variable nature of natural essential oils, synthetics cannot hope to replicate their properties and are not suitable for aromatherapy. 

Peppermint herbal tea The natural essential oils found in peppermint are proven to lift energy and moods—plus, it tastes great. Add a few drops of stevia for a sweeter tea. 

These liqueurs are produced with fruit juices and/or botanicals, natural essential oils, natural essences and sugar (anise, caraway, curacao respectively bitter orange, pepper-... 

Many of the naturally derived essential oils have been used in aromatherapy and in the manufacture of health products, cosmetics, and perfumes. Just as natural essential oils. 

Many components of natural essential oils are cresols or allied products. Some of these essentials oils giving their therapeutic actions and principal constituents are outlined here vide Table 10.1. Most of these oils are produced commercially although some of them are little known. Attempts have been also made by the global key players to produce matching synthetic blends from components made by organic chemical synthesis. Needless to emphasize that synthetically made essential oils are much cheaper than those obtained from natural sources. 

There are more than 150 natural essential oils and natural extracts from which a large number of important flne chemicals in the field of flavor and fragrances have been extracted, isolated, and sold as blends in predetermined quantities. Table 10.1 gives some details of only those natural substances containing cresols, precmsors such as cymenes, derivatives such as thymol, menthol, and other allied products. 

With the distillation train, the Lieburg Condenser, or a Retort, the herb is boiled in water. With the Soxhlet, the water steam passes through the herb. The resulting volatile vapours pass into a condenser, where they are cooled and so are converted back into liquid form. They are then passed into an oil separator where the oil and water form two distinct layers. Both layers can be drained off separately, giving you the natural essential oil. 

Turgis M, Han J, Borsa J, Lacroix M (2008) Combined effect of natural essential oils, modified atmosphere packaging and gamma radiation on the microbial growth on ground beef. J Food Prot 71(6) 1237-1243... 

There are two essential differences between gin and the liquors which have previously been under consideration. The major difference is that gin derives the bulk of its flavor from pre-existing natural essential oils rather than from the products of fermentation. Secondly, gin is somewhat more of an international product,... 

Magna Concentrols. (Crompton Knowks] Blend oi natural essential oils and oletnesins in liq. fonn spke flavor systems. 

Pbenethyl Alcohol. Benzeneethanol 2-phenyleth-anol 0-phenylethyl alcohol benzyl carbtnol d-hydroxyeth -y I benzene. C,H O mol wt 122.16. C 78.65%, H 8.25%, O 13.10%. Found in a number of natural essential oils, such as rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, geranium Bourbon, neroli and in the essentia] oil of cham-paca. Prepd by reduction of ethyl phenylacetate with sodium in abs alcohol Bouveault, Blanc, Bull Soc. Chim. [3]... 

Magna Concentrols. [Crompton Knowtes] Blend of natural essential oils and oleoresiits in liq. f[Pg.220]

Essential oils are concentrated extracts or steam distillates of aromatic plants. Oils such as wintergreen or jasmine have been added to enhance the flavor and smell of food for centuries and are key components of perfumes. Chemical analysis of these oils reveals that the overall smell is due to complex mixtures of small molecules, many of which contribute to the smell of the oil. Indole and indolic compounds are common components of these mixtures. Natural jasmine oil typically contains about 2.5% indole. Over time, the increasing cost of raw materials and processing has led to efforts to produce simpler nfixtures that would have the same sensory effect. Reasonable approximations of many of these oils can be made today with completely synthetic components. Despite these advances, the imporl/export market for natural essential oils in 2008 still was a respectable 2.5 billion (See PDF download from http //www.cmm.org/index.php optiOTi=com docman task). 

In many instances, the commercial terms used to describe perfumery products as essential oils are either wrong or misleading. So-called arti cial essential oils, nature-identical essential oils, reconstructed essential oils, and in some cases even essential oils complying with the constants of pharmacopoeias are merely synthetic mixtures of perfumery ingredients and have nothing to do with pure and natural essential oils. 

Many aromatherapists and laymen consider natural essential oils to be completely safe. This is based on the misconception that all herbs are safe—because they are natural, which is a fallacy. The toxicity of essential oils can also be entirely different to that of the herb, not only because of their high concentration, but also because of their ability to pass across membranes very ef ciently due to their lipophilicity. 

Finally, some remarks as to the concept of honesty are attached to the production of natural essential oils. During the last 30 years or so, adulteration of essential oils could be found every day. During the early days, cheap fatty oils (e.g peanut oil) were used to cut essential oils. Such adulterations were easily revealed by means of placing a drop of the oil on filter paper and allowing it to evaporate (Karg, 1981). While an unadulterated essential oil will evaporate completely or at worst... 

A number of attempts have been made to unravel the effects of natural essential oils (EOs) and fragrances on the human central nervous system (CNS). Among these attempts two major lines of research have been followed to identify psychoactive, particularly stimulating and sedative, effects of fragrances. On the one hand, researchers have investigated the influence of EOs and fragrances on brain potentials, which are indicative of the arousal state of the human organism by means of... 

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