Soap, insecticidal

Table 5.30. Soft soap insecticides, fatty acids. ...

Cyclohexylamine is used in the manufacture of a number of products, including plasticizers, drycleaning soaps, insecticides, and emulsifying agents. It is also used as a corrosion inhibitor and in organic synthesis. 

Dimethylamine and trimethylamine are used in making anion-exchange resins. Many chemical products such as dyes, drugs, herbicides, fungicides, soaps, insecticides, and photographic developers are made from amines. The aromatic amine aniline (phenylamine) is used in dye making. 

Nicotine is used as a contact insecticide for aphids attacking fmits, vegetables, and ornamentals, and as a fumigant for greenhouse plants and poultry mites. Nicotine sulfate is safer and more convenient to handle and the free alkaloid is rapidly Hberated by the addition of soap, hydrated lime, or ammonium hydroxide to the spray solution. Nicotine sprays commonly contain 0.05—0.06% nicotine, and nicotine dusts, 1—2% nicotine. 

National Association of Insecticide and Disinfectant Manufacturers, Soap Yearbook, pp. 183—... 

Soaps Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede Aphid, whitefly, mealybug, powdery mildew Various fruits and vegetables Insecticide, fungicide... 

The most important application for singlet oxygen generators (SOGs), namely the anti-cancer treatment known as photodynamic therapy (PDT), is described elsewhere in this series (see Chapter 9.22). However, SOGs are also being evaluated in other areas, such as hard surface disinfectants, soaps and washing powders,73 and insecticides.74,75... 

Used industrially as a fungicide, insecticide, herbicide, wood preservation, textile drying agent, corrosion inhibitor as a veterinary medication and in the manufacture of specialty soaps. 

A unique problem in pear trees is the pear psylla, a sapsucking insect that deposits sticky honeydew, which supports the growth of black sooty mold. Spray psylla with Insecticidal soap. The next season, spray with horticultural oil In early spring and again when buds show green. 

Look out for aphids on young shoots and leaves from spring onward. Squash these by hand or spray with insecticidal soap. Sow flowers to attract aphid predators (see p.95). 

What to do Remove overwintering brassica plants as soon as they have finished cropping. This should be done by mid-spring. Bury plant debris deep in a compost pile, or in a compost trench. Examine young plants regularly from early summer to fall and squash any colonies of eggs or young. Pesticides Insecticidal soap pyrethrum plant oils and starch-based sprays. 

What to do Encourage natural predators. Do not overfeed plants. Pesticides Insecticidal soap plant oils. 

Examine all new plant introductions ideally, quarantine new plants for a month. The best biological control is the predatory lady beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri optimum temperature 68-77°F (20-25°C). Alternatively, spray with insecticidal soap. Disturb the waxy coating covering colonies before spraying. 

What to do Check plants regularly, especially the stems and the undersides of the leaves, for the presence of scale. Where an Infestation Is light, individual scales can be removed easily with a fingernail or a cotton swab. Pesticides Insecticidal soap plant-oil-based products. 

Boron finds uses in the cosmetics industry (talc powder), in soaps and adhesives, and as an environmentally safe insecticide. 

Refined borax (Na B Op is an additive in laundry products such as soaps and water-softening compounds. Also used for cosmetics, body powders, and the manufacture of paper and leather. Borax is an environmentally safe natural herbicide and insecticide. 

Sulfur is one of the four major commodities of the chemical industry. The other three are limestone, coal, and salt. Most sulfur that is produced is used to manufacture sulfuric acid (HjSO ). Forty million tons are produced each year in the manufacture of fertilizers, lead-acid batteries, gunpowder, desiccants (drying agent), matches, soaps, plastics, bleaching agents, rubber, road asphalt binders, insecticides, paint, dyes, medical ointment, and other pharmaceutical products, among many, many other uses. Sulfur is essential to life. 

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