Green chemistry, basic principles

Clark, J.H. (2005) Basic principles of green chemistry. Innov. Pharm. Technol, 16, 94-97. 

This chapter discusses the fulfillment of the requirements for a green process, together with the importance of the nicotinate vitamin B3. Lonza s contribution to green chemistry is then illustrated by its processes for producing nicotinates. The current niacinamide process running is China employs no fewer than six basic principles of green-sustainable chemistry. 

Based on these principles, the Green Chemistry initiative supports basic research to provide the chemical tools and methods necessary to design and develop environmentally sound products and processes. The EPA funded a series of basic research projects that consider impacts to human health and the environment in the design of chemical syntheses and other areas of chemistry. One of the outcomes of these efforts is the Green Chemistry Expert System (GCES) [35]. 

Uridine. ] -0 - D - Ri bofu ranosyl uraci 1 uracil riboside. C,H, N204 mo] wt 244.20. C 44.26%, H 4.95%, N ] 1.47%, O 39.31%. Nucleoside widely distributed in nature. Prepd by hydtolysis of yeast nucleic acid with weak alkali, cf. Levetie, Bass, Nucleic Acids (New York, 1931), Improved isolns Harris. Thomas, J. Chem. Soc. 1948, 1936 Elmore, ibid. 1950, 2084 Lorine, Ploeser, J. Biol Chem. 178, 439 (1949). Crystal structure Green et al, Chem. Commun. 1971, 53. Review Basic Principles in Nucleic Acid Chemistry... 

Vegetable oil-based polymers are one of the most useful polymeric materials in the context of advanced polymers in modern society. They are versatile because of their structural diversity and their ease of modification. Sectors such as agriculture, automotives, biomedical and packaging all require environmentally friendly polymers. In the civilised world of today, materials need to follow the principles of green chemistry with a triple bottom line approach in order to keep the environment clean and useful for future generations. This book therefore aims to blend the basic ideas along with advanced understanding of this important class of polymers. 

There are in total 12 basic principles in green chemistry (27-30). These principles are summarized in Table 1.2. 

With a total consumption of —90 kt in 2005, tetraacetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) [14] (Figure 16.5) is the most widely used bleach activator. The product fulfills the basic principles of green chemistry [15], as it has maximum atom efficiency both starting materials (ethylene diamine and acetic acid anhydride) are fully incorporated in the molecule. Its low toxicity profile and ready biodegradability reinforce the sustainability claim. The activator is weight-efQcient, as one molecule generates two molecules of peracetic acid. Under European washing conditions at SO-bO C, it has an excellent cost-performance ratio. The kinetic stability of peracetic acid at lower tanperatures, however, limits its use to warm wash applications. 

Paul Anastas and John Warner in their book published in 1998 introduced the concept of green chemistry as a philosophy for the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. The founders of green chemistry formulated 12 basic principles, the application of which in the practice of chemical engineering is expected to lead to the development of ecofriendly products and processes. The 12 basic principles of green chemistry are discussed below ... 

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