Green process

The 12 principles won t all be met in most real-world applications, but they provide a worthy goal to aim for and they can make chemists think more carefully about the environmental implications of their work. Success stories are already occurring, and more are in progress. Approximately 7 million pounds per year of ibuprofen (6 billion tablets ) is now made by a "green" process that produces approximately 99% less waste than the process it replaces. Only three steps are needed, the anhydrous HF solvent used in the first step is recovered and reused, and the second and third steps are catalytic. 

Elgue, S., Ferrato, M., Momas, M., Chereau, P., Prat, L, Gourdon, C., and Cabassud, M. (2007) Silicon carbide equipments for process intensification first steps of an innovation. 1st Congress on Green Process Engineering, April 24-26, 2007, Toulouse. 

H3PW12O40 catalyzed liquid phase nitration of aromatics - a green process without using H2SO4... 

In summary, the Avada process is an excellent example of process intensification to achieve higher energy efficiency and reduction of waste streams due to the use of a solid acid catalyst. The successful application of supported HP As for the production of ethyl acetate paves the way for future applications of supported HP As in new green processes for the production of other chemicals, fuels and lubricants. Our results also show that application of characterization techniques enables a better understanding of the effects of process parameters on reactivity and the eventual rational design of more active catalysts. 

The thermal decomposition of iron complexes leading to the formation of different ferrites (MFe204, M = Fe, Co, Mn, etc.) is one of the most commonly used protocols to obtain magnetic NPs with control of size and shape [39]. However, some of them cannot be considered as green processes since the iron precursor, the Fe(CO)5 complex, is expensive, toxic, and flammable. Therefore, researchers have looked for non-toxic and less expensive iron precursors to be used in the thermal decomposition reactions. The first precursor in substitution of Fe(CO)5 was the FeCup3... 

In recent years, the evaluation of environmentally benign (so-called "green" processes) has been a focal point of oxo developments, according to the definitions and targets of the... 

L A. Blanchard, D. Hancu, E. J. Beckman, J. F. Brennecke, Green Processing Using Ionic Liquids and COf, Nature 1999,399,28-29. 

There is no doubt (notice economics at the top of the list) that processes have to be profitable no industrialist, no matter how green his or her heart, will ever introduce a green process to replace a black process if it will lose money. However, green processes are intrinsically more economic than black processes. 

The reactions can be carried out in aqueous solutions or biphasic mixtures of the substrates with no additional solvent, in the presence of NaOAc (pH s 11.5) at 100 °C. At this pH the resting state of the catalyst is probably the dinuclear species depicted on Scheme 8.1, which falls apart upon coordination of the substrate alcohol. In this respect the catalyst system as very similar to that for the oxidation of terminal olefins [10,11]. Good results were obtained with 30 bar of air, however, an 8 % O2/N2 mixture can also be used, which further improves the safety of the process. Recycling of the aqueous catalyst solution is possible and is especially easy in case of biphasic reaction mixtures. Taking all these features, this Pd-catalyzed oxidation of alcohols is a green process, indeed. 

Hazards in product environmental cycle Remedial clean-up Green process engineering Green product engineering... 

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