Tetraacetyl ethylene diamine

A number of experimental chemical wood bleaching technologies have recently been disclosed hydrogen peroxide and tetraacetyl ethylene diamine,240 anthracene derivatives with hydrogen peroxide241 and in situ produced performic acid242 are but a few. 

With a total consumption of —90 kt in 2005, tetraacetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) [14] (Figure 16.5) is the most widely used bleach activator. The product fulfills the basic principles of green chemistry [15], as it has maximum atom efficiency both starting materials (ethylene diamine and acetic acid anhydride) are fully incorporated in the molecule. Its low toxicity profile and ready biodegradability reinforce the sustainability claim. The activator is weight-efQcient, as one molecule generates two molecules of peracetic acid. Under European washing conditions at SO-bO C, it has an excellent cost-performance ratio. The kinetic stability of peracetic acid at lower tanperatures, however, limits its use to warm wash applications. 

Figure 3 Structures of activators (a) TAED (tetraacetyl ethylene diamine) (b) TAGU (tetraacetyl glycoluril) (c) SNOBS (sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate) (d) iso-NOBS (isononanoyloxy-benzene sulfonate) (e) BOBS (sodium benzoyloxybenzene sulfonate) (f) DADHT (diacetyldioxo-hexahydrotriazine) (g) PAG (pentaacetyl glucose), Ac = acetyl.

Stability in the presence of other detergent ingredients, such as surfactants, builders, and activated bleach [e.g., perborate—TAED (tetraacetyl ethylene diamine)], both during storage and use... 

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