Great Lakes pollution

Numerous other Internet sites, such as those of the Great Lakes Pollution Prevention Centre in Canada and the Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Resource Center. 

Matheson, D.H. Elder, F.C., Eds. Atmospheric Contribution to the Chemistry of Lake Waters, J. Great Lakes Res., Suppliment 2, pp 225. National Academy of Science, Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control, Comm, on Nat. Resources, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, U.S. Gov t Print. Office, Washington, DC, 1975. Whelpdale, D.M. (Chair) Long-Range Transport of Air Pollutants A Summary Report of the Ad Hoc Committee, Atmospheric Environment Service, Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario, 1976. 

Water Quality Guidance for the Great Lakes System—Pollutants that are bioaccumulative... 

Strachan WMJ, Edwards CJ. 1984. Organic pollutants in Lake Ontario. In Nriagu JO, Simmons MS, eds. Toxic contaminants in the Great Lakes. New York, NY John Wiley and Sons, 239-264. 

Bishop CA, Ng P, Pettit KE, Kennedy SW, Stegeman JJ, Norstrom RJ, Brooks RJ. 1998. Environmental contamination and developmental abnormalities in eggs and hatchlings of the common snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina serpentina) from the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River basin (1989-91). Environ Pollut 101 143-56. 

Strachan WMJ. 1974. Chloroform-extractable organic compounds in the international great lakes. In Keith LH, ed. Identification and Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Water. Ann Arbor, MI Ann Arbor Science, 479, 487-488. 

Glass, G.E., J.A. Sorensen, K.W. Schmidt, G.R. Rapp, Jr., D. Yap, and D. Fraser. 1991. Mercury deposition and sources for the upper Great Lakes region. Water Air Soil Pollut. 56 235-249. 

Koster, M.D., D.P. Ryckman, D.V.C. Weseloh, and J. Struger. 1996. Mercury levels in Great Lakes herring gull (Larus argentatus) eggs, 1972-1992. Environ. Pollut. 93 261-270. 

Kirby, G.M., J.R. Bend, I.R. Smith, and M.A. Hayes. 1990. The role of glutathione s-transferases in the hepatic metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) from polluted and reference sites in the Great Lakes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 95C 25-30. 

Sullivan, J.R. and D.E. Armstrong. 1985. Toxaphene Status in the Great Lakes. Univ. Wisconsin Sea Grant Inst., Priority Pollut. Status Rep. No. 2. WIS-SG-85-241. 39 pp. 

Camanzo J, Rice CP, Jude DJ, et al. 1987. Organic priority pollutants in nearshore fish from 14 Lake Michigan tributaries and embayments, 1983. J Great Lakes Res 13(3) 296-309. 

Mirex has been detected in wet precipitation over rural areas at concentrations of less than 1 ng/L (ppt) (EPA 1981b). Rainfall samples collected at several sites in 1985-1986 as part of the Great Lakes Organics Rain Sampling Network contained from >0.2 to <0.5 ng/L (ppt) of mirex. Mirex was not detected consistently at many stations throughout the sampling period therefore, quantitative results for mirex were not presented (Strachan 1990). Air samples taken over southern Ontario in 1988 showed mirex in 5 of 143 samples, at an annual mean concentration of 0.35 pg/sol m (range, 0.1-22 pg/m ) with all of the positive samples detected in polluted environments (Hoff et al. 1992). 

Allan RJ, Ball AJ. 1990. An overview of toxic contaminants in water and sediments of the Great Lakes Part I. Water Pollution Research Journal of Canada 25(4) 387-505. 

Eadie BJ, Robbins JA. 1987. The role of particulate matter in the movement of contaminants in the Great Lakes USA, Canada. In Hites RA, Eisenreich SJ, eds. Advances in chemistry series, 216. Sources and Fates of Aquatic Pollutants, Symposium at the 190th Meeting of The American Chemical Society, Chicago, IL, September 8-13, 1985. Washington, DC American Chemical Society, 11 319-364. 

Marsalek J, Schroeter H. 1988. Annual loadings of toxic contaminants in urban runoff from the Canadian Great Lakes basin. Water Pollution Research Journal of Canada 23(3) 360-378. 

Table 11.3 illustrates some data. They are mostly from lakes with high sedimentary fluxes and illustrate that very low concentrations are observed in lakes, in spite of large pollutional inputs into these lakes. The residual concentrations are close to those observed in the open ocean (Bruland, 1983). Even in lakes which are located closer to pollution sources, like Lake Zurich, the concentrations in the water column are at a similarly low level as in the Great Lakes. 

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