Great Basin lakes

Table I. The Great Lakes Basin — Physical Features and Population...

The quality and abundance of Great Lakes basin resources have been the foundation of the region s development since earliest European settlement. Indeed, in a little over a century, the Great Lakes Basin has evolved from a backwoods subsistence economy to a highly geared industrialized society. By way of current example ... 

Almost one half and one fifth of Canadian and U.S. manufacturing, respectively, are located in the Great Lakes Basin ... 

The exponential growth in population and technology that has occurred in the Great Lakes Basin has resulted in human activities degrading even these large bodies of water. 

Frank R, Braun HE, Van Hove Holdrinet M, et al. 1982. Agriculture and Water Quality in the Canadian Great Lakes Basin V. Pesticide use in 11 agricultural watersheds and presence in stream water, 1975-1977. J Environ Qual ll(3) 497-505. 

Bowerman, D.A., Best, T.G., and Grubb, G.M. et al. (1998). Trends of contaminants and effects in bald eagles of the Great Lakes Basin. In M. Gilbertson et al. (Eds.) Trends in Levels and Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances in the Great Lakes, 197-212. 

Bishop CA, Rouse JD. 2000. Chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations in plasma of Lake Erie water snake Nerodia sipedon insularum) and northern water snake (Nemdia sipedon sipedon) from the Great Lakes Basin in 1998. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 39 500-505. 

Ahier BA, Tracy BL. 1995. Radionuclides in the Great Lakes basin. Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl. 9) 89-101. 

Ogilvie, D. 1981. Dioxin found in the Great Lakes basin. Ambio 10 38-39. 

In the past, endrin could have been released to surface water from manufacturing and processing facilities. No information on direct discharges or loadings of endrin into surface water was found. Based on amounts measured in rainfall at various stations in Canada, loading estimates for endrin and a number of other organochlorine pesticides have been attempted for portions of the Great Lakes basin (Strachan... 

Marsalek J, Schroeter H. 1988. Annual loadings of toxic contaminants in urban runoff from the Canadian Great Lakes basin. Water Pollution Research Journal of Canada 23(3) 360-378. 

Spatial distributions and temporal trends of pesticides in sediment, water, and fish indicate good progress in the reduction of persistent organochlo-rine pesticides in the Great Lakes Basin. Concentrations of many of the... 

Much of our current understanding of these impacts arose from research on wildlife and human populations within the Great Lakes basin. Despite being banned in North America more than 25 years ago, the toxicological risks from PCB exposure are still a present-day concern. For example, current PCB concentrations in fish in the Great Lakes are sufficiently large as to drive the need for fish consumption advisories for sport fish and to restrict commercial fisheries. 

Zarull MA, Hartig JH, Maynard L (1999) Ecological benefits of contaminated sediment remediation in the Great Lakes basin. Sediment Priority Action Committee, Great Lakes Water Quality Board, International Joint Commission... 

Pesticides have been widely and heavily (approximately 93 000 tons in 1995) used for the control of weeds (as herbicides), insects (as insecticides), and diseases (as fungicides) in the Great Lakes Basin [2,3], and to a lesser extent in urban settings [4], In terms of mass applied, herbicides (accounting for two-thirds of the total) are used more extensively than insecticides in Ontario [5] and in the USA [4], Corn and soybeans are the major crops receiving large amounts of herbicides in the Great Lakes Basin. 

Table 1 Areas of Concern (AOC) that list organochlorine pesticides as chemicals of concern in the US Great Lakes Basin...

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