Water dispersible granules

Pesticide Dispersants. Modified ligaosulfates are used ia the formulatioa of pesticides, la wettable powders, suspeasioa coaceatrates, and water dispersible granules, they act as dispersants and prevent sedimentation. They also act as biaders ia the productioa of granular pesticides. Typical usage levels ia these types of products range from 2—10%. 

The main purpose of pesticide formulation is to manufacture a product that has optimum biological efficiency, is convenient to use, and minimizes environmental impacts. The active ingredients are mixed with solvents, adjuvants (boosters), and fillers as necessary to achieve the desired formulation. The types of formulations include wettable powders, soluble concentrates, emulsion concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, suspension concentrates, suspoemulsions, water-dispersible granules, dry granules, and controlled release, in which the active ingredient is released into the environment from a polymeric carrier, binder, absorbent, or encapsulant at a slow and effective rate. The formulation steps may generate air emissions, liquid effluents, and solid wastes. 

Water-dispersible granule formulation is considered to be the first commercial formulation enabling storage of S. carpocapsae for 6 months at 25°C at a concentration of over 300,000 infective juveniles per gram (Grewal 2000). When stored at... 

Free flowing, water dispersible granules having almost no bitter taste. 

The distribution of body weights was assumed to be a normal distribution with mean 70 kg and a 20% coefficient of variation (i.e., a standard deviation equal to 14kg). The amount of exposure for a body part was a PHED-based distribution, depending on the body part and the type of user, as well as the type of herbicide formulation used. The herbicide formulations were granule (G) formulated with fertilizer and used by homeowners for residential lawn care flowable formulation (FF), which is among the formulations classified as emulsifiable concentrate (EC) in PHED and water-dispersible granule (WDG). 

Formulation is the form in which the pesticide is delivered to the pest. Some types of triazine formulations are flow-able formulation (FF), emulsifiable concentrate (EC), and water-dispersible granule (WDG). 

Amitrole is a nonselective systemic triazole herbicide. It is used for control of annual grasses and perennial and annual broadleaf weeds, for poison ivy control, and for control of aquatic weeds in marshes and drainage ditches. This compound is compatible with many other herbicides. It is available as wettable powders, soluble concentrates, and water-dispersible granules. Amitrole was involved in the Delaney Clause s first enforcement.1213... 

Uses Thiram is a dimethyl dithiocarbamate compound and appears as a white to yellow crystalline powder with a characteristic odor. Thiram is used to prevent crop damage in the field and to protect harvested crops from deterioration in storage or transport. Thiram also is used as a seed protectant and to protect fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, and turf crops from a variety of fungal diseases. In addition, it is used as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents, and deer. Thiram is available as dust, flowable, wettable powder, water-dispersible granules, water suspension formulations, and in mixtures with other fungicides. Thiram has been used in the treatment of human scabies, as a sunscreen, and as a bactericide applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap.17,50,52... 

WHO specifications for dry products intended for dispersion in water (e.g. wettable powders and water-dispersible granules) should ineor-porate a specification for wettability, to ensure rapid wetting. CIPAC method MT 53.3 (5) and the method given in the FAO Manual (4) (normally the formulation shall be wetted in 1 minute without swirling) should be used. 

There are six papers la this section. They deal with biological insecticide formulations (Ward), water dispersible granules (Wright and Ibrahim), analysis of formulations for quality control and identification of toxic contaminants (Plimmer), identification of surfactant metabolites (Stolzenberg et al.), electrostatic spraying (Law) and compatibility and tank-mix testing (Tarwater). 

Hovde, D. A. "Laboratory Development and Evaluation of Water Dispersible Granules" Pesticide Formulation and Application Systems, 3rd Conference STP 828, American Society of Testing and Materials Philadelphia PA. December, 1983. 

First, dry flowables (or water dispersible granules) then... 

This spring Elanco Products Company (a Division of Eli Lilly and Company) introduced a 60 /o dry flowable (or water dispersible granule) formulation of BALAN. BALAN is a preemergence, dinitroaniline herbicide used on peanuts and lettuce. BALAN Dry Flowable is an addition to formulations of BALAN which are produced and sold by Elanco. BALAN LC, a 1.5 Ib/gal emulsifiable concentrate which has been on the market for several years, is often tank mixed with several other agrichemicals. Therefore, it was critical to evaluate this new product form for tank mix performance with all agrichemicals with which it could be tank mixed. 

A water-dispersible granule formulation contains typically a toxicant (50%-95%, w/w), dispersant, binder, and diluent. This formulation, also known as dry flowable, is intended for application after disintegration and dispersion in water by conventional spraying equipment. WGs are easier to use than WPs, because they have low-dust properties (due to larger particles) and exhibit good flowability. 

---