Flowables, formulations

Less volatile solvents with a higher flash point, used for agricultural formulations (Catanach and Hampton, 1992). In many cases, aqueous or dry flowable formulations for agricultural chemicals may be used instead of organic formulations... 

While minimization possibilities are being investigated, substitutions should also be considered as an alternative or companion concept that is, safer materials should be used in place of hazardous ones. This can be accomplished by using alternative chemistry that allows the use of less hazardous materials or less severe processing conditions. When possible, toxic or flammable solvents should be replaced with less hazardous solvents (for example, water-based paints and adhesives and aqueous or dry flowable formulations for agricultural chemicals). 

The distribution of body weights was assumed to be a normal distribution with mean 70 kg and a 20% coefficient of variation (i.e., a standard deviation equal to 14kg). The amount of exposure for a body part was a PHED-based distribution, depending on the body part and the type of user, as well as the type of herbicide formulation used. The herbicide formulations were granule (G) formulated with fertilizer and used by homeowners for residential lawn care flowable formulation (FF), which is among the formulations classified as emulsifiable concentrate (EC) in PHED and water-dispersible granule (WDG). 

Figure 31.5 Distributions of the MOEs for atrazine from herbicide handling with flowable formulation for different use populations.

The LADD distributions for herbicide handlers contain slightly larger values for flowable formulations than for WDGs, and both distributions contain considerably larger values than the distributions for water, diet, and the... 

Figure 31.13 Distributions of the MOEs for atrazine herbicide handlers involved in corn production from their use of flowable formulation or WDGs and from their herbicide handling combined with both drinking water ingestion and dietary consumption.

The aminocarb formulation presently in use, Matacil 1.8D OSC contains the adjuvants nonylphenol, a surfactant and "585" oil as diluent. In 1981, a new aminocarb "flowable" formulation which does not contain nonylphenol was introduced for experimentation. 

Deltamethrin is a crystalline powder, white or slightly beige in color. The formulations include emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, ultra-low volume and flowable formulations, and granules. There are no known incompatibilities with other common insecticides and fungicides. It is used as a contact poison to control apple and pear suckers, plum fruit moths, caterpillars on brassicas, pea moths, aphids (apples, plums, hops), winter moths (apples and plums), and codling and tortrix moths (apples). It also is used in control of aphids, mealybugs, scale insects, and whiteflies on glasshouse cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, potted plants, and ornamentals.9-11... 

The circulation attritor is well known in the industry, and the Q-1 system has been shown to be quite useful as a pilot plant tool in the development of commercial flowable formulations. The unit used had a 1.9 gallon, jacketed, grind tank with a variable speed agitator and which could be fitted to a 5-gallon or 20-gallon side tank via a variable speed positive displacement pump. 

In the development and maintenance of a quality pesticide flowable formulation, the rate at which the suspension forms a non-redispersible sediment under various storage conditions is a highly important product characteristic which must be thoroughly evaluated. This paper will describe... 

The formation of non-redispersible sediment in a pesticide flowable formulation is often the primary cause of product failure during inventory/sheIf storage. In order to develop and maintain a quality pesticide flowable formulation, a formulator needs evaluation techniques which will enable him to quickly determine the relative stability performance of a sample in a non-subjective manner. Accurate sample characterization and early prediction of shelf life is also highly desirable. Many methods for flowable sample evaluation, such as sediment probing, are subjective and destructive to the integrity of the sample. Often, samples have to be aged at elevated temperatures to obtain measurable differences in stability performance within reasonable time constraints. The purpose of this paper is to describe equipment and methodology which can be utilized to measure the relative... 

Figure 9 shows a response surface for a commercial Dylox 1.5 Oil flowable formulation. The dependent variable of interest here is viscosity. It is typically linear with respect to thickener concentration. 

Figure 10 shows a response for a commercial Matacil 180 Oil flowable formulation. Unexpectedly, we found the response surface to be non-linear with respect to thickener concentration. 

Figure 8.9 Distributions of the margins of exposure for atrazine from herbicide handling with flowable formulations in association with corn production for the entire USA population of such herbicide handlers and its component subpopulations...

Figure 8.16 Distributions of the margins of exposure for US herbicide handlers who apply either atrazine or simazine and who are also possibly exposed to both atrazine and simazine via the water and dietary pathways FFs, flowable formulations WDGs, water-dispersible granules W, drinking water ingestion D, dietary consumption HH, herbicide handler...

Hydraulic agitation is required for wettable powder and flowable formulations in small tanks and for liquid formulations in 100-gallon or larger tanks with gear, roller, piston, or diaphragm pumps. Hydraulic agitation is provided by the high-pressure flow of surplus spray material from the pump. The jet... 

Fillers also interfere with the transmission of light because of the difference in refractive index between them and the matrix phase. This causes refraction at the interface between the filler and the polymer [53,54], which results in altered light intensity and thus recued conversion of monomer to polymer. This effect is particularly severe in the so-called flowable formulations which contain relatively high levels of diluent molecules because the mismatch in the refractive index between these substances and the fillers is greater than that with bisGMA or UDMA [55]. 

Toxicity LC50 (96-hour) for bluegill sunfish >1.4 mg/L and rainbow trout 0.17 mg/L (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). For the Rattnod flowable formulation the LC50 (96-hour) for bluegill sunfish and rainbow trout is 1.6 and 0.42 mg/L, respectively (Humburg et al., 1989) acute oral LDjo for rats is 710 mg/kg (RTECS, 1985). 

Formulation l pes Water dispersible granules dry flowable formulation (60%). 

Dispersion of very fine particles in liquids where interfacial phenomena dominate both the dispersion process and the rheology of the suspension. An application of this technology is in the preparation of a stable solid suspension such as an agriculmral flowable formulation by the addition of suspending aids, stabilizers, and so on. The book by Parfltt (1973) discusses this technology. 

Another variation of liquid formulations of agrochemicals is called flowable formulations. Certain plant parts are variably sensitive... 

Uses Emulsifier for the mfg. of emulsifiable cones, and flowable formulations especially for the agrochemical industry... 

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