Grafting maleic anhydride-polypropylene

Alkenylsuccinic anhydrides made from several linear alpha olefins are used in paper sizing, detergents, and other uses. Sulfosuccinic acid esters serve as surface active agents. Alkyd resins (qv) are used as surface coatings. Chlorendric anhydride [115-27-5] is used as a flame resistant component (see Flame retardants). Tetrahydrophthalic acid [88-98-2] and hexahydrophthalic anhydride [85-42-7] have specialty resin appHcations. Gas barrier films made by grafting maleic anhydride to polypropylene [25085-53-4] film are used in food packaging (qv). Poly(maleic anhydride) [24937-72-2] is used as a scale preventer and corrosion inhibitor (see Corrosion and corrosion control). Maleic anhydride forms copolymers with ethylene glycol methyl vinyl ethers which are partially esterified for biomedical and pharmaceutical uses (189) (see Pharmaceuticals). 

Tidjani, A., Wald, O., Pohl, M. M., Hentschel, M. P., and Schartel, B. 2003. Polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride-nanocomposites. I. Characterization and thermal stability of nanocomposites produced under nitrogen and in air. Polymer Degradation and Stability 82 133M0. 

Graft-functionalization of polyolefin in a separate processing step e.g., polyethylene-g-maleic anhydride, polypropylene-g-maleic anhydride). 

According to initial findings on batch reactors, both in solution and in the molten state, the role of the reaction time in overall yield of the process was too far to be neglected (39) (Fig. 13.10). In order to check that point and also the role stereospecificity could play in the reaction extension, that is the molecular motion possibilities of the macromolecular coreactant, atactic polypropylene was chosen to be modified by grafting maleic anhydride in the same mode as before for isotactic polypropylene. The influence of the temperature of the process had also to be checked because the atactic polymer could not be processed at the same temperature as the isotactic one due to its nature. Results were fully discussed elsewhere (40). Figure 13.11 exhibits the dynamic and unsteady character of the grafting process. 

The addition of a polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) compatibilizer into polypropylene-co-ethylene/polybutylene succinate blends and the subsequent irradiation allowed prevention of degradation mechanisms leading to mechanical stability. The cyclic anhydride group of the PP-g-MA first permitted compatibilizion of both polypropylene-co-ethylene and polybutylene succinate and a second action as an "energy sink."... 

Polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride. See Propylene/MA copolymer Poly (propylene oxide). See Polypropylene glycol... 

Synonyms Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene Polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride Propylene/maleic anhydride copolymer... 

The compatibilizer as such may be compatible with the clay surfaces and hence easily intercalates into the interlayer spacing of the clay platelets and separates the clay platelets, and with bulk polymer it leads to the formation of well-dispersed nanocomposites. The compatibilizer widely used for polypropylene (PP) is maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MA) [15-16], Other compatibilizers used are diethyl maleate (DEM-g-PP) and polyolefin elastomer grafted maleic anhydride (POE-g-MA),... 

A better approach is work by Chung and coworkers [288] who grafted maleic anhydride to polypropylene with the use of Borane/02 initiator. This initiator is claimed to form in situ a monooxidized adduct (R-O 0-BR2). These adducts then carry out hydrogen abstractions from the pol5q)ropylene chains at ambient temperature. This results in formation of stable tertiary polymer radicals that react with maleic anhydride to form graft copolymers ... 

Jang, L. W., Kim, E. S., Kim, H. S., and Yoon, J.-S. 2005. Preparation and characterization of polypropylene/ clay nanocomposites with polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 98 1229-1234. 

PP-g-MA Polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride pph Parts per hundred PPO Polyphenylene oxide PPS Poly (p-phenylene sulfide)... 

MA-g-PP Maleic Anhydride-Grafting Polypropylene MAPP Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene... 

Simultaneous influence of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (MAPP) and silane-treated hemp fibers (HF) on morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of high-flow polypropylene (PP) modified with poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] (SEBS) was studied. Thermal stability of HF was improved... 

N. Dayma, B.K. Satapathy, Morphological interpretations and micromechanical properties of polyamide-6/polypropylene-grafted-maleic anhydride/nanoclay ternary nanocomposites, Materials and Design 31 (10) (2010) 4693-4703. 

Figure 3.2 Possible reaction mechanism for grafting maleic anhydride onto polypropylene according to De Roover et al. (From Ref. 15, Reprinted with permission of John Wiley Sons.)...

An example of grafting maleic anhydride onto polypropylene in a twin-screw extruder was described by Wong (14). Polypropylene was coated with 1.1 wt% maleic anhydride and fed to a 53-mm twin-screw extruder at 30 kg/hr. Four temperature control zones were used, and styrene monomer at 1.4 wt% was injected into the second zone. They obtained 0.8 wt% bound maleic anhydride on the product, and the melt flow index was 17 dg/min. When 500 ppm Lupersol 130 catalyst was added and no styrene was injected, the melt flow index increased to 258 dg/min, indicating signiflcant degradation. No grafting was obtained when an antioxidant was added to the feed. 

The reactive extrusion process for grafting maleic anhydride monomer (MAH) onto polypropylene backbone involves a balance of simultaneous reaction steps as described in Chapter 3 ... 

Ionic crosslinking of polypropylene can also contribute to better properties. PP with grafted maleic anhydride can be crosslinked by addition of zinc diacetate or sodium acetate. It is surprising that besides bivalent zinc monovalent sodium can also act as a crosslinking agent... 

The type of fiber, polymer matrix, and coupling agent are of importance in order to improve the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. Also, the performance of the composites depends on several factors, such as chemical composition, microfibrillar, cell dimensions, and the interaction between the fiber and the polymer matrix. The effect of WG on the tensile properties of sisal fibers was reported [75]. The composites were compounded with sisal fibers and polypropylene matrix. The chemical modification treatments for the composites apphed were WG solution and polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride copolymer. 

Paramesvaranpillai Jyotishknmar, Joseph George, Chellappan V. Resmi, Zahakariah K. Ajesh, and Hameed Nishar. The effect of propylene-graft-maleic anhydride on the morphology and dynamic mechanical properties of polypropylene/polystyrene blends. J. Polym. Res. 22 no. 2 (2015) 2. 

PP-g-MA, polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride DB, decabromodiphenyl oxide OMT, organoclay modified with the ammonium cation on the clay contained a methyl group, tallow (containing 70, 25,4, and 1 mol% of CIS, C16, C14, and C12 carbon chains, respectively), and two hydroxyethyl groups AO, antimony trioxide. 

On the other hand, Chen and showed that in polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) nanocomposite based on a dodecyl sidfate-modified LDH, thermal stability is depressed bnt charring of the polymer is enhanced. So it seems that the intercalated anion, in particular its acidity, are main factors that influence the degradation pathway by a charring mechanism. 

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