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Nanocomposites ternary

Schematic illustration of clay and CNTs morphology in chitosan nanocomposites is shown in Figure 4.8. In the composites based on chitosan/CNTs containing 0.4 wt % CNTs, nanotubes can be well dispersed in chitosan, but no filler network could be formed due to its low concentration (Figure 4.8a). In the composites based on chitosan/clay containing 3 wt % clay, formation of 2D clay platelets network is possible (Figure 4.8b). In chitosan/clay-CNTs ternary nanocomposites, ID CNTs are confined in 2D clay platelets network, which results in a much jammed and conjugated 3D clay-CNTs network (Figure 4.8c). The interactions and networks in the system can be divided into (1) clay-clay network, (2) clay-CNTs network, (3) CNTs-polymer-clay bridging, (4) polymer-polymer network. The formation of different networks and interactions could be the main reason for the observed synergistic reinforcement of CNT and clay... Schematic illustration of clay and CNTs morphology in chitosan nanocomposites is shown in Figure 4.8. In the composites based on chitosan/CNTs containing 0.4 wt % CNTs, nanotubes can be well dispersed in chitosan, but no filler network could be formed due to its low concentration (Figure 4.8a). In the composites based on chitosan/clay containing 3 wt % clay, formation of 2D clay platelets network is possible (Figure 4.8b). In chitosan/clay-CNTs ternary nanocomposites, ID CNTs are confined in 2D clay platelets network, which results in a much jammed and conjugated 3D clay-CNTs network (Figure 4.8c). The interactions and networks in the system can be divided into (1) clay-clay network, (2) clay-CNTs network, (3) CNTs-polymer-clay bridging, (4) polymer-polymer network. The formation of different networks and interactions could be the main reason for the observed synergistic reinforcement of CNT and clay...
Fig. 25 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) of a ternary nanocomposite of PS-poly(ethyl propylene) (PEP) diblock copolymer with two types of nanoparticle-Ugand systems AuR]- and SiO2R2-ftmctionalized (R i, R2 are alkyl groups) nanoparticles of total volume fraction 0.02. The former appear along the interface of the lamellar microdomains, whereas the latter reside in the center of PEP microphases. Schematically, the nanoparticle distribution is shown in the inset. Taken from [308]... Fig. 25 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) of a ternary nanocomposite of PS-poly(ethyl propylene) (PEP) diblock copolymer with two types of nanoparticle-Ugand systems AuR]- and SiO2R2-ftmctionalized (R i, R2 are alkyl groups) nanoparticles of total volume fraction 0.02. The former appear along the interface of the lamellar microdomains, whereas the latter reside in the center of PEP microphases. Schematically, the nanoparticle distribution is shown in the inset. Taken from [308]...
Mn02 ternary nanocomposites and their enhanced electrochemical performance for supercapacitors. Electrochhn. Acta 71,27-32. [Pg.148]

Asi Asif, A., Leena, K., Rao, V. L., Ninan, K. N. Hydroxyl terminated poly (ether ether ketone) with pendant methyl group-toughened epoxy clay ternary nanocomposites Preparation, morphology, and thermomechanical properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 106 (2007) 2936-2946. [Pg.550]

Table 3 Properties of ternary nanocomposite comprising DGEBA epoxy branched epoxy resin and octadecylammonium-modified organo-silicate resin, hyper-... Table 3 Properties of ternary nanocomposite comprising DGEBA epoxy branched epoxy resin and octadecylammonium-modified organo-silicate resin, hyper-...
Ding et al. prepared functionalized graphene/carbon nanotube/PPy ternary nanocomposites by one-step electrochemical polymerization [143]. The functionalized graphene and carbon nanotube disperses homogeneously in the PANI matrix and the ternary nanocomposite is highly... [Pg.245]

Sharma et al. reported a novel and cost-effective fabrication of the CNT/ PPy nanocomposite on the poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS)-dispersed MWNTs [79]. PSS not only stabilized the MWNT suspension but also provided charged groups to facilitate an ordered and uniform growth of pseudo-capacitive materials around the MWNTs through electrostatic attractions. The in situ oxidation of Py with KMnO yielded molecular-level dispersion of the MnO in PPy matrix that improved the electronic conductivity, mechanical stability, and pseudo-capacitance. The MWNT-PSS/PPy MnOj ternary nanocomposite exhibited a high SC of 268 F/g at 5 mV/s and only 7% faded in the specific capacity at 100 mV/s and 10% faded in the same after 5000 CV cycles (Figure 8.9). [Pg.440]

Robert et al. [126] prepared PP/montmorillonite (MMT)/PPy ternary nanocomposites which exhibit high dielectric losses and absorption loss (SE ) of —67 dB in 0.1-1.5 GHz range. Xu et al. [76] prepared Microstructured Ni/PPy core/shell composites by varying the Ni pyrrole ratio and observed that permeability of Ni/PPy composites presents a natural magnetic resonance at 6.0 GHz. The Cole-Cole semicircle was applied to explain the permittivity and the reflection loss (R ) properties of Ni/PPy composites were enhanced substantially, as compared to those of pure Ni powder. The minimum reflection losses of Ni/PPy composites (Figure 9.31a) from Ni/Py )4 1,2 1,1 1, and 1 2 are -15.2, -14.8, -8.4, and -6.8 dB at 13.0, 14.4, 11.6, and 8.6 GHz, respectively, and EM absorption less than -10 dB is only formd for Ni/Py) 4 1 and 2 1, in the 11-15.4 GHz range for the former and 12-17.5 GHz for the latter. The EM absorption properties of Ni/PPy composites from Ni/Py) 4 1 and 2 1 are much better than those of Ni/PANl nanocomposites and BaTi03/PANI composites at... [Pg.503]

Wang et al. synthesized Graphene/SnO /polypyrrole ternary nanocomposites by one-pot synthesis method and obtained specific capacitance of 616 F/g. They claimed that the excellent electrochemical performance was due to the synergistic effect among the three components [46]. [Pg.496]

Ternary nanocomposites contain three components therefore, coimtless combinahons of materials and compositions are encountered in the literature and in practice. Polyolefins are almost always encoimtered as a component in nanocomposite blends, being the matrix, the dispersed phase, or both. Generally, semicrystalline thermoplastics such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) are very popular as the matrix component, while the dispersed phase consists of either another thermoplashc [15-17] or an elastomer [5,18-23]. Polyolefin-based thermoplashc elastomers, such as ethylene/propylene rubber, and other ethylene-based... [Pg.26]

Based on the thermodynamic considerations mentioned above, when the components of a ternary nanocomposite are introduced simultaneously in the compounding device, the fillers should localize within the phase with which they have the largest affinity. However, in some cases, experimental observations showed disagreements between predictions and experiment, shedding light on the importance of multiple other factors that do not solely depend on the thermodynamic affinity between the polymers and the fillers. These factors are commonly classified as "kinetic effects" and are related to (1) the physical properties of the polymers, (2) the time during which the components are mixed, and (3) the compounding sequence. [Pg.33]

The relationship between microstructure and physical properties of ternary nanocomposites has been the subject of intense investigation due to their very complex nature. In this section, the mechanical properties of polymer blend nanocomposites are reviewed in the context of their microstructure. Following this, the various strategies that have been employed to obtain improved filler dispersion and interfacial interactions are mentioned. [Pg.39]

Functionalization of the polymer has been widely employed in binary nanocomposites to improve the polymer/filler interactions and thus maximize the load transfer. Functionalization also serves to enhance the compatibility between the two components of polymer blend. Many grades of functionalized polymers are now available, including maleated grades and silane-grafted polymers. Examples of functionalized matrices studied in ternary nanocomposite studies include PP-g-MA [41], PP-g-VTEOS [27] and examples of functionalized elastomers include SEBS-g-MA [8,49,65], EPR-g-MA [19,44,65], POE-g-MA [75], and EPDM- -MA [64]. It is also important to note that only nonpolar matrices and elastomers require functionalization, as opposed to polar polymers like PA6, which present natural interactions with polar fillers such as silica particles and clay platelets. [Pg.44]

In ternary nanocomposites, compatibilizers have been mostly used to improve the adhesion at the polymer/filler interface rather than to modify the polymer/elastomer interface. Mishra et al. [80] compounded PP/EPDM/organoclay (75/25/5 wt%) and added PP-g-MA (1 wt% MA) as a compatibilizer with a clay/PP- -MA ratio of 1/3. They characterized the interlayer spacing of the clay platelets by XRD and observed that it increased from 3.4 to 4.3 nm for systems without and with compatibilizer. This was attributed to a better diffusion of the PP-g-MA chains inside the interlayer spacing thanks to their functional groups. Numerous other authors prepared and characterized ternary composites with a compatibilizer. Examples include Lim et al. [81] and Lee et al. [5] on PP/PP- -MA/POE/ organoclay systems, Mehta et al. [23] on PP/PP-g-MA/EPR/organoclay systems, and Liu and Kontopoulou [24,45] on PP/PP-g-MA/ethylene-octene copolymer/silica composites. It should be noted that the compatibilizer itself may affect the properties of the matrix... [Pg.45]

Coupling agents have also been used in ternary nanocomposites, for example, in a paper by Hui et al. [67] who used a silane-coupling agent on LDPE/EVA elastomer (40/60)/3 wt% silica composites. They observed dramatic improvements in the mechanical properties (increase of 41% for the tensile strength) that were attributed to the reduced agglomeration tendency of the particles, as proved by AFM. [Pg.46]

Dasari, A., Yu, Z., Yang, M., Zhang, Q., Xie, X., and Mai, Y. 2006. Micro- and nano-scale deformation behavior of nylon 66-based binary and ternary nanocomposites. Composites Science and Technology 66 3097-3114. [Pg.49]

Mert, M. and Yilmazer, U. 2009. Comparison of jxjlyamide 66-organoclay binary and ternary nanocomposites. Advances in Polymer Technology 28 155-164. [Pg.49]

The solution-blending method was also employed by Srivastava et al. to prepare EPDM/ EVA/organoclay ternary nanocomposites [67,68]. EVA, with 45 wt% vinyl acetate (VA), and EPDM were blended in a 50/50wt/wt ratio with 2-8 wt% H3(Ci6)i organoclay in hot toluene... [Pg.67]

Acharya, H., Srivastava, S. K., and Bhowmick, A. K. 2006. Ethylene propylene diene teipolymer/ ethylene vinyl acetate/layered silicate ternary nanocomposite by solution method. Polymer Engineering and Science 46 837-843. [Pg.85]

Fig. 17.24 TEM micrographs of nylon 6/organoclay/EOR-g-MA (76/4/20) ternary nanocomposite showing (a) submicron and nano-voids which are associated with intra-gallery delamination of some organoclay layers (note that the section is not selectively stained in order to clearly reveal delaminations of clay layers), (b) cavitation of EOR-g-MA particles which preferentially starts from the larger particles as indicated by arrows, and (c) extensive matrix shear yielding at the arrested crack tip which in turn causes the EOR-g-MA particles and delaminated clay layers to collapse within the matrix. A schematic of the arrested crack tip illustrating different locations from where TEM micrographs (a-c) were taken is also shown. Note that the schematic is not to scale (Lim et al. 2010)... Fig. 17.24 TEM micrographs of nylon 6/organoclay/EOR-g-MA (76/4/20) ternary nanocomposite showing (a) submicron and nano-voids which are associated with intra-gallery delamination of some organoclay layers (note that the section is not selectively stained in order to clearly reveal delaminations of clay layers), (b) cavitation of EOR-g-MA particles which preferentially starts from the larger particles as indicated by arrows, and (c) extensive matrix shear yielding at the arrested crack tip which in turn causes the EOR-g-MA particles and delaminated clay layers to collapse within the matrix. A schematic of the arrested crack tip illustrating different locations from where TEM micrographs (a-c) were taken is also shown. Note that the schematic is not to scale (Lim et al. 2010)...

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Nanocomposite ternary

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