Graft infiltrating cells

E. Nitric Oxide Production by Adherent Graft Infiltrating Cells... 

Uyama T, Sakiyama S, Fukumoto T, et al. Graft-infiltrating cells in rat lung allograft with late airway damage. Transplant Proc 1995 27 2118-2119. 

Bishop DK, Shelby J, Eichwald EJ. 1992. Mobilization of T lymphocytes following cardiac transplantation. Evidence that CD4- positive cells are required for cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation, inflammatory endothelial development, graft infiltration and acute allograft rejection. Transplantation. 53 849-857. 

After activation, cytotoxic T cells emerge from lymphoid organs to infiltrate the graft and trigger the immune response. These cells have been shown to induce graft destruction via two mechanisms (1) secretion of the cytotoxic proteins perforin and granzyme B, and (2) induction of cellular apoptosis... 

Liver Fever, lethargy, change in color or quantity of bile in patients w/ biliary T-tube, graft tenderness and swelling, back pain, anorexia, ileus, tachycardia, jaundice, ascites, encephalopathy Abnormal LFTs, increased bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, transaminases, biopsy positive for mononuclear cell infiltrate with evidence of tissue damage... 

About 10 days after transplantation, acute rejection of the graft begins as a result of cell-mediated immunity. Acute rejection is a result of infiltration of large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes into the graft. Helper T-cell activation and proliferation play a major role in this process, and both complement-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and ADCC are involved in the destruction of the graft. Acute rejection could be in the form of acute vascular rejection, acute cellular rejection or both. Acute vascular rejection involves the necrosis of the blood vessel cells of the graft... 

Acute cellular rejection involves infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes into the graft and is evident from the necrosis of the parenchymal cells of the graft. The lysis of the parenchymal cells of the transplanted tissue is achieved by the infiltrating leukocytes. Acute cellular rejection may be the product of several mechanisms including cytolytic T-cell-mediated lysis, NK cell-mediated lysis and activated macrophage-mediated lysis. The acute cellular rejection predominantly involves CD8+ T cytolytic cells that kill the grafted tissue. 

There are only a few reports of hyperacute rejection after liver transplantation. This may be due to the ability of the Kupffer cells to remove cytotoxic antibodies formed against the graft because of their reticuloendothelial function. Acute rejection is the more common form of rejection, which is manifested within 7-10 days after liver transplantation and exhibits symptoms of fever, malaise, pain, tachycardia and hepatomegaly. Mental disorientation in patients has also been reported during acute rejection. Liver biopsy is performed to confirm acute rejection that is generally mild in nature, and lymphocytic infiltration is observed in the portal tracts under the endothelium of the sinusoids. 

Socie G, Mary JY, Lemann M. 2004. Prognostic value of apoptotic cells and infiltrating neutrophils in graft-versus-host disease of the gastrointestinal tract in humans TNF and Fas expression. Blood. 103 50-57. 

An unusually high incidence of skin eiythema (70-85%) was noted in patients who received aldesleukin after autologous bone marrow transplantation. Histological examination showed features of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease or T cell epidermal infiltrates, but cutaneous toxicity was not reproduced in patients receiving low-dose aldesleukin (100,101). 

As mentioned, Tokuzen223 examined local, cellular reactions around Sarcoma 180 grafts during the process of regression under polysaccharide treatment, and found a massive outpouring of lymphoid cells one week after tumor implantation. Autochthonous grafts of spontaneous, mammary tumors, not at all inhibited by polysaccharides, called forth no local, lymphoid-cell infiltration.252... 

Cellular rejection is mediated by alloreactive T-lymphocytes that appear in the circulation and infiltrate the allograft through the vascular endothelium. After the graft is infiltrated by lymphocytes, the cytotoxic cells can specifically kill allograft targets, whereas the local release of lymphokines will attract and stimulate macrophages to... 

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