Goal of the system

The LHC is a large circular particle collider of 27 kilometers in circumference, located 100 meters underground, where the particles will circulate at an energy of 7 TeV [EVA 09]. In order to protect the personnel from risks of exposure to ionizing radiation in the environment of the LHC and its experiments, a specific safety system has been implemented [ROY 05]. 

The strategy implemented to prevent any dangerous situation for personnel has led to the provision of a safety system which, according to the mode of operation, locks physical barriers or brings the accelerator to a safe stop in order to secure the persoimel. 

The principle of persoimel protection of the LHC is based on the implementation of two complementary systems. The systems are the LHC Access Control System (LACS) and the LHC Access Safety System (LASS). 

The purpose of LASS is to position the LHC in a safe state for personnel in all operating modes, i.e. to control the envelope and the 80 sectors of the LHC so that there are no people inside when the accelerator is in beam operation mode, and when it is stopped, to ensure that no beam can be injected or is circulating in the accelerator. This defines the interlock mechanism applied to seeuie the LHC. 

The LASS acts on Items Important to Safety (IIS), which are either IIS Access or equipment suitable for the LHC accelerator called IIS Beams and IIS Machine, depending on the mode of operation of the LHC Access mode or Beam mode. 

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The North American electric power transmission system has been described as the largest, most complex machine ever built by humanity. It is a massive network of generating stations, transmission lines, substations, distribution lines, motors, and other electrical loads all interdependently linked for the conversion, transportation, and control of electrical energy. Approximately 60 percent of all energy utilized in the United States passes through the interconnected electric power system. The major goal of the system is to most efficiently and reliably deliver electric power from generating stations to residential, commercial, and industrial consumers. 

In general, the specification actions are about the business goals of the system—for example The user of our drawing editor must be able to duplicate picture elements and must be able to copy them from one drawing to another. The actions that we provide break these larger... 

Changing or reinforcing patterns and relationships within a system is as necessary to achieving the goals of the system as changing or retaining the parts of the system. 

For linear, time-invariant systems a complete characterization is given by the impulse or complex frequency response [Papoulis, 1977], With perceptual interpretation of this characterization one can determine the audio quality of the system under test. If the design goal of the system under test is to be transparent (no audible differences between input and output) then quality evaluation is simple and brakes down to the... 

The regional air quality (AQ) forecasting system of FMI has been set up in 2005 and opened for public access via internet in 2006 (http //silam.fmi.fi). A primary goal of the system is to evaluate and forecast the air pollution over the Finnish territory. Since Finland is a receptor of practically all main pollutants, the area of the simulations is necessarily covered the whole of Europe with a compromising resolution of 30 km. A nested domain was introduced in 2007 and it covers northern Europe with a resolution of 10 km. 

The purpose of the lUPAC system of nomenclature is to establish an international standard of naming compounds to facilitate communication. The goal of the system is to give each structure a unique and unambiguous name, and to correlate each name with a unique and unambiguous structure. 

After the forecasting process the CHECK unit is istantiated to compare the estimated corrosion rate values with the measured one if a match of the values occours the current goal of the system is reached and the expert system waits until a new corrosion rate value is available. Otherwise the DIAGNOSIS units is istantiated. 

In a second study, Prinzel, Freeman, Scerbo, Mikulka, and Pope (in press) addressed another limitation of the study by Pope etal. (1995). Although one of the original goals of the system was to moderate workload and maintain a stable level of engagement, no measures of workload were reported. 

System engineering starts with first determining the goals of the system. Potential hazards to be avoided are then identified. From the goals and system hazards, a set of system functional and safety requirements and constraints are identified that set the foundation for design, operations, and management. Chapter 7 describes how to establish these fundamentals. 

Part of defining this control structure involves identifying the responsibilities of each of the components related to the goal of the system, in this case collision avoidance. For TCAS, these responsibilities include ... 

The interferogram acquired when a single slit is used to cover the source is known, and the spectrum of the source can be recovered by Fourier transforming and phase correcting the data. However, when more complex sources (i.e. extended sources) are used, it is difficult to discern if the final spectrum is actually the one desired. Moreover, the final goal of the system is to detect unknown sources, so previous spectral data will not be available. 

The underlying goal of the system design is to minimise the CMRs, with none as the ideal situation". 

Biology teaches us that an unbelievable effect is possible molecules may spontaneously form some large aggregates with very complex dynamics and the whole system searches for energy-rich substances to keep itself running. However, one question evades answer what is the goal of the system ... 

The goal of the systems engineer is the design of equipment to meet the functional requirements of a project efficiently and economically. Simplified block diagrams for the video, audio, control, data, and communication systems are drawn. They are discussed with the customer and presented for approval. 

The goal of the System Architect s Workbench project is to do research in the areas of Algorithmic and Register-Transfer Level synthesis, and to develop demonstration design tools to support the research. A diagram of the Workbench is shown in Figure 1-4. 

A network built over DPUs allows them to communicate with each other. The DPUs that are cormected to sensors periodically poll sensor data, process data received from sensors and other DPUs, and output the result to the displays as well as broadcast the own processed data over the network. The DPUs that are not connected to sensors perform the same steps, except reading and processing sensor data. The DPUs run different versions of software, i.e., rely on software diversity to avoid common errors. The main goal of the system is to guarantee that each DPU displays only the data that are sufficiently fresh... 

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