Glyceric

FIGURE 25 1 Three dimensional representations and Fischer projections of the enantiomers of glycer aldehyde... 

Cellulosics. CeUulosic adhesives are obtained by modification of cellulose [9004-34-6] (qv) which comes from cotton linters and wood pulp. Cellulose can be nitrated to provide cellulose nitrate [9004-70-0] which is soluble in organic solvents. When cellulose nitrate is dissolved in amyl acetate [628-63-7] for example, a general purpose solvent-based adhesive which is both waterproof and flexible is formed. Cellulose esterification leads to materials such as cellulose acetate [9004-35-7], which has been used as a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape backing. Cellulose can also be ethoxylated, providing hydroxyethylceUulose which is useful as a thickening agent for poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion adhesives. Etherification leads to materials such as methylceUulose [9004-67-5] which are soluble in water and can be modified with glyceral [56-81-5] to produce adhesives used as wallpaper paste (see Cellulose esters Cellulose ethers). 

D-glyceric acid + NH amino acid(s) + selenol(s) glycerate dehydrogenase + Ala dehydrogenase 202... 

Methylsuccinic acid has been prepared by the pyrolysis of tartaric acid from 1,2-dibromopropane or allyl halides by the action of potassium cyanide followed by hydrolysis by reduction of itaconic, citraconic, and mesaconic acids by hydrolysis of ketovalerolactonecarboxylic acid by decarboxylation of 1,1,2-propane tricarboxylic acid by oxidation of /3-methylcyclo-hexanone by fusion of gamboge with alkali by hydrog. nation and condensation of sodium lactate over nickel oxide from acetoacetic ester by successive alkylation with a methyl halide and a monohaloacetic ester by hydrolysis of oi-methyl-o -oxalosuccinic ester or a-methyl-a -acetosuccinic ester by action of hot, concentrated potassium hydroxide upon methyl-succinaldehyde dioxime from the ammonium salt of a-methyl-butyric acid by oxidation with. hydrogen peroxide from /9-methyllevulinic acid by oxidation with dilute nitric acid or hypobromite from /J-methyladipic acid and from the decomposition products of glyceric acid and pyruvic acid. The method described above is a modification of that of Higginbotham and Lapworth. ... 

The stmcture was determined to 2.8 A resolution in the laboratory of Tom Steitz, Yale University, (d) The glycolytic enzyme phospho-glycerate mutase, which catalyzes transfer of a phos-phoryl group from carbon 3 to carbon 2 In phosphoglycerate. The structure was determined to 2.S A resolution in the laboratory of Herman Watson, Bristol University, UK. (Adapted from J. Richardson.)... 

Fischer projections and d-l notation are commonly used to describe carbohydrate stereochemistry. The standards are the enantiomers of glycer-aldehyde. 

Fatty acids occur naturally in for-rns other than as glycer-yl triesters, and we ll see numerous examples as we go through the chapter. One recently discovered fatty acid derivative is anandamide. 

FIGURE 3.12 The hydrolysis reactions of acetyl phosphate and 1,3-bisphospho-glycerate. 

FIGURE 19.18 A mechanism for the glycer-aldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction. Reaction of an enzyme snlfliydryl with the carbonyl carbon of glyceraldehyde-3-P forms a thiohemiacetal, which loses a hydride to NAD to become a thloester. Phosphorolysls of this thloester releases 1,3-blsphosphoglycerate. 

With the cxoepLion, howev V, o( trierhyl citrate, nearly all the nonvolatile esters are to a great extent, removed mechanically during the evaporation in tbe oil vapour- To delect, Cor example, glycer) acetate, ethyl oxalate., ethyl tarlrate, aod ethyl succinate, the evaporation should only be proceeded with until about 10 to 16 pet cent, of the oil is left in the dtsb, and this residee tested for Ibe varioua acids,... 

Glycerin-phosphorsaure, /. glycerophoephoric acid, -saure, /. glyceric acid, -seife, /. glycerin soap. 

---