D- -Glycerate

D-glyceric acid + NH amino acid(s) + selenol(s) glycerate dehydrogenase + Ala dehydrogenase 202... 

O-Phosphonato-D-glyceroyl phosphate or 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate or 1,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate (for biochemical usage)... 

Calcium 3-O-phosphono-D-glycerate, trihydrate (calcium D-phosphoglycerate, trihydrate)... 

This curious phenomenon of inversion of groups about the asymmetric carbon atom, first studied by Walden (1893, 1985) is called Walden Inversion. In a number of other reactions, the inversion was so quantitative that the yield of the opitcal isomer was 100% while in others the product was a mixture of the (+) and (-) forms in unequal amounts signifying that the inversion was partial. The above conversion has been shown to occur in two steps. The step in which the actual inversion occurs constitutes a Walden inversion. Change in the sign of rotation does not necessarily mean that an inversion of configuration has occurred as is clear from the oxidation of D(+) glyceraldehyde to D(-) glyceric acid. 

CATALYTIC ACTIVITY D-RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE + CO(2) = 2 3-PHOSPHO-D-GLYCERATE. 

The Truhlar group has reported an interesting theoretical study of H/D kinetic isotope effects for conversion of 2 phospho-D-glycerate to phosophoenolpyruvate catalyzed by the yeast enolase enzyme. The proton transfer step (first reaction step in Fig. 11.10) is the rate limiting step and was chosen for theoretical study. The KIE for proton/deuteron transfer is kn/kD = 3.3 at 300 K. 

The isotope independent potential energy surface was evaluated using a mixed quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method. The system (N atoms) was partitioned into Nqm quantum mechanical atoms and Nmm classical mechanical atoms. Nqm consisted of the 15 atom substrate (phospho-D-glycerate)... 

Rashed, M.S. et al., Chiral liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in the determination of the configurations of glyceric acid in urine of patients with D-glyceric and L-glyceric acidurias, Biomed. Chromatogr, 16, 191, 2002. 

Example 15 in connection with studies on thermal stability of proteins and nucleic acids of the methanogen species the cyclodiphospho-D-glycerate (CDPG) has been synthesized by Priestley from n-butyl-D-glycerate employing dibenzyl diisopropylphosphoroamidite (BnO)2PNiPr2 reagent [43]. 

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (nonphosphorylating) [EC 1.2.1.9], also referred to as triose-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalyzes the reaction of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate with NADP+ and water to produce 3-phospho-D-glycerate and NADPH. 

Glyoxylate reductase [EC 1.1.1.26] catalyzes the reversible reaction of glycolate with NAD+ to produce glyoxylate and NADH. The enzyme will also catalyze the NADH-dependent interconversion of hydroxypyruvate to D-glycerate. Glyoxylate reductase (NADPH) [EC... 

I. 1.1.79] catalyzes the reversible reaction of glycolate with NADP+ to produce glyoxylate and NADPH (as well as the hydroxypyruvate to D-glycerate conversion). The enzyme can use NAD+ as a substrate, although not as effectively as NADP+. 

This enzyme [EC 2.T.2.3] catalyzes the reaction of ATP with 3-phospho-D-glycerate to produce ADP and 3-phos-pho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. 

This enzyme [EC 5.4.2.1] (also known as phosphoglycer-ate phosphomutase and phosphoglyceromutase) catalyzes the reaction of 2-phospho-D-glycerate with 2,3-di-phosphoglycerate to produce 3-phospho-D-glycerate and... 

Probably the most abundant naturally occurring catalyst, this enzyme [EC 4.1.1.39], also known as rubisco , catalyzes the reaction of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate with carbon dioxide to produce two 3-phospho-D-glycerate. The enzyme can also use dioxygen as a substrate instead of carbon dioxide, producing 3-phospho-D-glycerate and 2-phosphoglycolate. 

The reaction of a, -unsaturated ketones 93, obtained from j -ketoesters 36 and chiral aldehydes 94 [derivatives of D-glyceral (92TL3809,93T7133), and D-mannitol (93T7133)], with MN have been used for the first time in the synthesis of optically pure 2-aminopyrans 95. Yields and diastereos-electivity were low however, recrystallization afforded one of the stereoisomers in a nearly pure state (d.e. 80-100%) (Scheme 27). 

D-lactic or D-glyceric acid. The dextrorotation of the three phenyl-hydrazides and of the amide of lactic acid leads to the same conclusion... 

There are fewer examples of this for such Ru-catalysed oxidations than for C-H activation, cleavage of the C-C bond in diols being the main example [111]. Optically pure D- and L-glyceric acids were made by cleavage of vicinal diols or of a-hydroxy acids by RuCl3/aq. Na(ClO) pH 8, e.g. l,2 5,6-di-0-isopropylidene-D-mannitol to 2,3-0-isopropylidene-D-glyceric acid (Fig. 4.6) [112],... 

Harlos K, Vas M, Blake CF. Crystal structure of the binary complex of pig muscle phosphogycerate kinase and its substrate 3-phospho-D-glycerate. Proteins Struct Funct Genet 1992 12 133-144. 

D-Glyceric acid (or D-2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid C3H604, MW = 125.10) is a hydroxy acid derived from the oxidation of Cl of glycerol or glyceraldehyde to a carboxyl group various phosphorylated derivatives of L-glycerate are important intermediates in glucose metabolism (Fig. 3.5.3). 

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