Glycerate kinase

Glycolysis A net formation of two results from the formation of lactate from one molecule of glucose, generated in two reactions catalyzed by phospho-glycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase, respectively (Figure 17-2). 

Samson, L, Kerremans, L., Rozenski, J., Samyn, B., Van beeumen, J., and Herdewijn, P. Identification of a peptide inhibitor against glycosomal phospho-glycerate kinase of Trypanosoma bmcei by a synthetic peptide library... 

Huskins, K.R. Bernhard, S.A. Dahlquist, F.W. Halibut muscle 3-phospho-glycerate kinase. Chemical and physical properties of the enzyme and its substrate complexes. Biochemistry, 21, 4180-4188 (1982)... 

The [ATP] / [ADP] ratio in an actively respiring yeast cell is about 10. What would be the intracellular [3-phosphoglycerate] / [1,3-bisphospho-glycerate] ratio have to be to make the phospho-glycerate kinase reaction (Fig. 9-7, reaction 7) proceed toward 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate synthesis at 25°C, pH 7 ... 

Mg Polynucleotide phosphoryla.ee. ATPase. choline acylase, deoxyribonuclease, acetate kinase, adenosine phosphokinase, tructokinase. glyceric kinase, hexokinase Chlorophyll... 

In Tp. acidophilum we have also found the production of pyruvate and glyceraldehyde via a non-phosphorylated Entner-Doudoroff pathway [2,14]. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the glyceraldehyde is oxidised to glycerate, which is then converted to 2-phosphoglycerate by glycerate kinase. Enolase and pyruvate kinase complete the production of a second molecule of pyruvate (Fig. 3). Again, we have characterised the pathway enzymically and by the identification of intermediates [14], and evidence for its in vivo operation has been gained from radiorespirometric studies [2]. 

Fig. 14. Proposed pathway of maltose and of pyruvate fermentation to acetate, H2 and CO2 in Pyrococcus furiosus. Fdox, oxidized ferredoxin Fdred, reduced ferredoxin CoA, coenzymeA. Numbers in circles refer to enzymes involved (1) Q-glucosidase [296] (2) glucoserferredoxin oxidoreductase (3) gluconate dehydratase (this enzyme has not been detected so far in Pyrococcus furiosus) (4) 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate aldolase (5) glyceraldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (6) glycerate kinase (2-phosphoglycerate forming) (7) enolase (8) pyruvate kinase (9) pyruvateiferredoxin oxidoreductase (10) ADP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase (11)...

Like all anhydrides (Section 21.5), the mixed carboxylic-phosphoric anhydride is a reactive substrate in nucleophilic acyl (or phosphoryl) substitution reactions. Reaction of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate with, ADP occurs in step 7 by substitution on phosphorus, resulting in transfer of a phosphate group to, ADP and giving ATP plus 3-phosphoglycerate. T he process is catalyzed by phospho-glycerate kinase and requires Mg " " as cofactor. Together, steps 6 and 7 accomplish the oxidation of an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid. 

Fig. 6.1 Reaction scheme of the system under study. Glc, glucose HK, hexokinase PGI, phos-phoglucose isomerase PFK, phosphofructokinase ALD, aldolase TIM, triose phosphate isomerase G3PDH, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1,3BPG 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate PGK, phospho-glycerate kinase G6P, glucose 6-phosphate F6P, fructose 6-phosphate ATP, adenosine triphosphate ADP, adenosine diphosphate PEP, phospho-enolpyruvate F1,6BP, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate G3P, glycerol 3-phosphate GAP, glyceraldehyde...

Fig. 1. Main routes involved in the synthesis and interconversion of glycine and serine in plants. The various steps are numbered, and the necessary enzymes are as follows 1, glycolate oxidase, E.C. 1.1.3.1 2, aminotransferases, serine, E.C. 2.6.1.45, and glutamate, E.C. 2.6.1.4, glyoxylate aminotransferases 3, enzyme complex in mitochondria (see Fig. 2) 4, serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase, E.C. 2.6.1.45 5, glycerate dehydrogenase, E.C. 1.1.1.29 6, glycerate kinase E.C. 2.7.1.31 7, D-3-phosphoglycerate phosphatase, E.C. 3.1.3.38 8, d-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, E.C. 1.1.1.95 9, phosphoserine aminotransferase, E.C. 2.6.1.52 10, phosphoserine phosphatase, E.C. 3.1.3.3 11, serine hydroxymethyltransferase E.C. 2.1.2.1 12, nonenzymatic decarboxylation 13, formyl tetrahydrofolate synthetase, E.C. 6.3.4.3 14, isocitrate iyase, E.C. 4.1.3.1.

DAS have been determined for a number of proteins, with an emphasis on proteins which contain two tryptophan residues. In these cases one hopes that each tryptophan will display a single decay time, so that the I S represent the emission spectra of the individual residues. One example is provided by a study of yeast 3-phospho-glycerate kinase (3-FGK), which has two tryptophan residues. Rom a number of pH- and wavelengdi-dependent measurements, the 0.6-ns component in die decay was associated with one residue, and the 3.1- and 7.0-ns components were associated widi die second tryptophan residue. The wavelength-dependent intensity decays were... 

Fig. 44. Degradation of glucose by the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway 1 Hexokinase 2 glucosephosphate isomerase 3 6-phosphofructokinase 4 fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 5 triosephosphate isomerase 6 glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase phospho-glycerate kinase 7 phosphoglyceromutase 8 enolase 9 pyruvate kinase...

Reduction of phosphoglycerate by the combined action of phospho-glycerate kinase and triose phosphate ddiydrogenase results in the formation of triose phosphate (XII). This reduction is presumably effected... 

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