Glyceral 5-phosphate

FIGURE 3.12 The hydrolysis reactions of acetyl phosphate and 1,3-bisphospho-glycerate. 

FIGURE 19.18 A mechanism for the glycer-aldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction. Reaction of an enzyme snlfliydryl with the carbonyl carbon of glyceraldehyde-3-P forms a thiohemiacetal, which loses a hydride to NAD to become a thloester. Phosphorolysls of this thloester releases 1,3-blsphosphoglycerate. 

R)-Glyceraldehyde. Fischer projection of, 976 molecular model of, 976, 977 Glyceric acid, structure of. 753 Glycerol, catabolism of, 1132-1133 s/i-Glycerol 3-phosphate, naming of, 1132... 

O-Phosphonato-D-glyceroyl phosphate or 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate or 1,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate (for biochemical usage)... 

Figure 17-3. Mechanism of oxidation of giyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. (Enz, glycer-aldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.) The enzyme is inhibited by the— 5H poison iodoacetate, which is thus abie to inhibit glycolysis. The NADH produced on the enzyme is not as firmly bound to the enzyme as is NAD. Consequently, NADH is easily displaced by another molecule of NAD". ...

Calcium di-DL-glycerate, dihydrate Disodium DL-glycerol 3-phosphate, hexahydrate 1,4-Anhydroerythritol-sodium perchlorate Bis( 1,4-anhydroerythritol) - sodium iodide Erythritol... 

The CPPase substrate DMAPP (15) is formed from isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) (14) via the IPP isomerase reaction. It had been assumed that IPP was generated only via mevalonic acid (12) (Fig. 2), but Rohmer discovered another route, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (13) (MEP) pathway (Fig. 2) [22, 23]. A key step in the MEP pathway is the reaction catalyzed by 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), which combines hydroxyethyl thiamine pyrophosphate (hydroxyethyl TPP) generated from pyruvic acid (17) and TPP with glyceral-dehyde 3-phosphate (18) to yield 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (19) containing five carbons. The mevalonate pathway operates in the cytosol of plants and animals, whereas the MEP pathway is present in the plastid of plants or in eubacteria [24-27]. 

Glycogen — hexose — hexose monophosphate —> hexose diphosphate —> glycerose phosphate + dihyroxyacetone phosphate —> glyceric acid phosphate + glycerol phosphate. Glyceric acid... 

Sugar The hydrolysis of sucrose in the intestine produces both glucose and fructose, which are transported across the epithelial cells by specific carrier proteins. The fructose is taken up solely by the liver. Fructose is metabolised in the liver to the triose phosphates, dihydroxy-acetone and glycer-aldehyde phosphates. These can be converted either to glucose or to acetyl-CoA for lipid synthesis. In addition, they can be converted to glycerol 3-phosphate which is required for, and stimulates, esterification of fatty acids. The resulting triacylglycerol is incorporated into the VLDL which is then secreted. In this way, fructose increases the blood level of VLDL (Chapter 11). 

After donating its phosphate group to ADP, 1,3-diphosphoglycerate is converted into 3-phospho-glycerate. This reaction is followed by enzymic modification to 2-phosphoglycerate. 

Elimination of water from 2-phospho-glycerate produces the phosphate ester of the enol form of pyruvate—phosphoeno/pyruvate (PEP). This reaction also raises the second phosphate residue to a high potential. 

Serine 1 1 glycerate 1 Glyco- lysis 1 1 1 1 Erythrose 4-phosphate... 

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (nonphosphorylating) [EC 1.2.1.9], also referred to as triose-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalyzes the reaction of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate with NADP+ and water to produce 3-phospho-D-glycerate and NADPH. 

This enzyme [EC 2.T.2.3] catalyzes the reaction of ATP with 3-phospho-D-glycerate to produce ADP and 3-phos-pho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. 

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