Glow laser spectroscopy

Haese N N, Pan F-S and Oka T 1983 Doppler shift and ion mobility measurements of ArH in a He DC glow discharge by infrared laser spectroscopy Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 1575-8... 

D. Hill, T. Jawhari, J.G. Cespedes, J.A. Garcia and E. Bertran, In-situ monitoring of laser annealing by micro-Raman spectroscopy for hydrogenated silicon nanoparticles produced in radio frequency glow discharge, Phys. Status SolidiA, 203, 1296-1300 (2006). 

Three techniques with spatially resolved information capabilities have been selected here for some further explanation EPXMA, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES). Figure 1.15 summarises the lateral and depth resolution provided by the techniques described in this section. It is worth noting that the closer to the bottom left corner the technique is located, the higher (and so better) is the depth resolution. 

Graphite furnace AAS Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy Inductively-coupled-plasma optical-emission spectroscopy Glow-discharge optical-emission spectroscopy Laser-excited resonance ionization spectroscopy Laser-excited atomic-fluorescence spectroscopy Laser-induced-breakdown spectroscopy Laser-induced photocoustic spectroscopy Resonance-ionization spectroscopy... 

Hi) Methods based on mass spectrometry Spark-source mass spectrometry Glow-discharge mass spectrometry Inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry Electro-thermal vaporization-lCP-MS Thermal-ionization mass spectrometry Accelerator mass spectrometry Secondary-ion mass spectrometry Secondary neutral mass spectrometry Laser mass spectrometry Resonance-ionization mass spectrometry Sputter-initiated resonance-ionization spectroscopy Laser-ablation resonance-ionization spectroscopy... 

Many other types of atomization devices have been used in atomic spectroscopy. Gas discharges operated at reduced pressure have been investigated as sources of atomic emission and as ion sources for mass spectrometry. The glow discharge is generated between two planar electrodes in a cylindrical glass tube filled with gas to a pressure of a few torr. High-powered lasers have been employed to ablate samples and to cause laser-induced breakdown. In the latter technique, dielectric breakdown of a gas occurs at the laser focal point. 

Barshick C. M., Shaw R. W., Young J. P. and Ramsey J. M. (1994) Istopic analysis of uranium using glow discharge optogalvanic spectroscopy and diode lasers, Anal Chem 66 4154-4158. 

This chapter deals with optical atomic, emission spectrometry (AES). Generally, the atomizers listed in Table 8-1 not only convert the component of samples to atoms or elementary ions but, in the process, excite a fraction of these species to higher electronic stales.. 4, the excited species rapidly relax back to lower states, ultraviolet and visible line spectra arise that are useful for qualitative ant quantitative elemental analysis. Plasma sources have become, the most important and most widely used sources for AES. These devices, including the popular inductively coupled plasma source, are discussedfirst in this chapter. Then, emission spectroscopy based on electric arc and electric spark atomization and excitation is described. Historically, arc and spark sources were quite important in emission spectrometry, and they still have important applications for the determination of some metallic elements. Finally several miscellaneous atomic emission source.s, including jlanies, glow discharges, and lasers are presented. 

Widely used techniques to produce reactive species such as 1 or 2 are dc glow discharges coupled to sensitive high-resolution spectroscopic techniques such as millimeter wave (mmw), microwave (mw), or tunable diode laser (TDL) IR spectroscopy.However, even in cooled electric discharges, not only the precursor, but also the target species thus formed, are destroyed rather unselectively, and their concentrations in discharges are often very low. ... 

Mass-spectrometry principles and techniques have been employed in other kinds of surface studies in which sample atoms are sputtered by interaction with a laser beam or by RF glow discharges. These approaches are more highly specialized, but it should be clear that mass spectrometry is an important tool in surface chemistry. The student should compare SIMS and ISS with other surface analytical techniques such as ESCA, Auger spectroscopy, electron microprobe, and low-energy electron diffraction (see Chaps. 14 and 15). 

There are several MS-based techniques that can provide chemical information for thin and thick layers [12]. For very thin layers (sub to 1-2 monolayers), nondestructive techniques such as static SIMS [13], ion scattering MS [14], or MS of recoiled ions [15] are suitable. These techniques are also the best adapted for examining surface contamination. They are all based on surface interactions of an ion beam with the solid surface. For depth profiling of thin and thick layers, MS is associated with a destructive source of neutrals or ions dynamic SIMS, secondary neutron mass spectroscopy (SNMS), glow discharge mass spectroscopy (GD-MS), matrix-enhanced SIMS, laser desorption/ionization MS, and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MS [16]. Ions are either desorbed from the solid surface or generated by postionization of neutrals sputtered off the surface. 

ICP emission spectroscopy is used primarily for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of samples that are dissolved or suspended in aqueous or organic liquids. The techniques for preparation of such solutions are similar to those described in Section 9D-1 for flame absorption methods. With plasma emission, however, it is possible to analyze solid samples directly. These procedures include incorporating electrothermal vaporization, laser and spark ablation, and glow-discharge vaporization, all of which were described in Section 8C-2, Suspensions of solids in solutions can... 

Currently, the primary use of spark source emission spectroscopy is for the identification and analysis of metals and other conducting materials. Detection is often carried out with a polychromator equipped with photomultiplier tubes, but a number of vendors offer spectrometers with array detectors as well. In addition, several modern multichannel instruments arc now equipped with interchangeable sources that permit excitation by plasmas, arcs, sparks, glow discharge, and lasers. High-voltage sparks have also become... 

Laser-enhanced ionisation spectroscopy (LEIS) is essentially a very sensitive mono-element analysis method (as AFS or AAS) with limits of detection (LCDs) often in the 1-100 pgmL range [96,97]. LEIS is based on the measurement of the increase in ionisation of the analyte in a flame, furnace, or glow discharge by laser irradiation as a result of selective population of a level of the term diagram. In LEIS, one or two dye lasers are tuned to a wavelength characteristic of an electronic transition of the species of interest. The laser beam(s) are directed... 

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